양시영내과의원

##Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, THB) == sapropterin이라고도 명명, NT와 NO생산의 보인자로 기능한 후 BH2고 변환됨 @3종의 방향족아미노산(Phe. Tyr, Trp)을 가수분해시키는 과정에서 aromatic amino acid hydroxylase보인자로 작용하여 **Phe을 분해(Tyr로 전환)하며 이와 더불어 **Trp로부터 세로토닌, 멜라토닌(송과선에서 분비..항산화효가, 도파민 차단제 역할, 혈압조절, 수면-각성주기를 조절, 생식선자극호르몬분비를 억제..MDD-OCD-ADHD등에서 나타나는 수면주기지연장애<잠들기어려움>때 사용, 복용후6분이면 수면가능...clonazepam보다 안전)을, Tyr으로부터 도파민을(도파민은 곧, 노르아드레날린, 아드레날린으로 변환됨)생산, @Arg으로부터 NOS(NO synthetase)를 이용하여 NO를 생산하는데 보인자로 참여함

**잠깐!!>>folic acid(인공합성보충제--B9....SIBO/Dysdiosis때에 세균이 만들어내는 B9은 거의 모두 folic acid형태임)는 folate(활성형...식물로 섭취 형태...요리중 50-75% 파괴됨...소장에서 흡수량도 적다..메칠기 공급/DNA손상복구 기능)로 변환되는 양은 소량에 불과함.. 보충제 folic acid 만 대량섭취시, 또는 (SIBO때 래folate는 정상이거나 상승)장내세균증식에 의해 folic acid 대량생산 + (세균이 사용) B12결핍시(저메틸화가 더 악화!!), NK세포를 무력화시켜서 발암율과는 상관 없었으나 암환자는 악화될 수 있음..한편, polymorphism이란 (만능키처럼,,,때로는 이 모양으로 때로는 저 모양으로) 사람마다 서로 다른 형태로 그 결과가 나타날 수 있다는 말(다형성)..즉, 저메틸화에서도 경도/중등도로, 또는 저메틸화뿐 아니라 심지어 고메틸화 경향도 유발할 수 있다 해석해도 무방할 것.

(MTHFR)유전자는 MTHFR 효소의 생성을 주관. MTHFR는 엽산의 형태를 (비활성형인 folic acid를 활성형인 folate로) 변화시키고, 호모시스틴을 대다수 단백질의 주요 구성요소인 메티오닌으로 변환시키는 과정(이것이 메치오닌 사이클, 또는 틸레이션사이클이라함)에 관여....MTHFR 검사는 MTHFR 유전자에서 상대적으로 흔한 두 염기변이(단일염기다형성, SNP)인 C677T 및 A1298C를 검출. 이들 SNP는 DNA의 변화(돌연변이)를 유발하고, ((저메틸화를 유발하는 경우는...유전자 자채결합 +장내세균 증식으로 인한 경우가 대부분...한편 고메틸화는 장내세균/진균 중간대사산물 증가자체에 의하지 않나 생각하는 게 합리적..))조기심혈관질환, 혈전증 및 뇌졸중의 위험도를 증가시키는 호모시스틴 농도의 증가와 관련되어 있다. 북미 인구의 약 10-12%가 C677T의 동형접합체. 빈도에서 인종별 차이가 있는데, 지중해계에서 가장 높고 아프리카계에서 가장 낮다....C677T 염기변이는 MTHFR 효소에서 덜 활성화된 형태를 유발. MTHFR C677T 유전자돌연변이를 두 개(동형접합체), 또는 MTHFR C677T과 A1298C를 각각 한 개씩(복합이형접합체) 가진 경우, MTHFR 효소 활성도의 감소는 호모시스틴-메티오닌 전환 과정을 늦추어 혈중 호모시스틴 농도를 증가시키게 된다....호모시스틴은 때로 경도에서 중등도까지 증가되지만, MTHFR 효소 활성도 양에 따라 사람마다 차이가 있고,. 호모시스틴 증가는 환자가 엽산 결핍일 때 악화....일부 연구 결과는 고농도의 혈중 호모시스틴이 혈관벽을 손상시키고 플라크(죽상동맥경화) 및 부적절한 혈전 형성을 촉진시킴으로써 심혈관질환 위험도를 증가시킴을 시사하고 있지만 호모시스틴 농도와 심혈관질환 또는 혈전 위험도의 직접적 연결이 증명되지는 않았다.

**엽산은 뇌내에서 메칠그룹공여자로서 임신태아의 뇌의 발달 촉진, 호모시스테인생성억제, 세로토닌(우울증 진정 = 행복감 고양 ...일광욕시 더 증가), 도파민-노르에피네프린 생산을 촉진 ..... https://lifecenter.tistory.com/28

항생제 남용 및 PPI장기복용, chronic leaky gut, ileocecal valve dysfunction, and chronic stress으로 인한 SIBO등 장내세균증식시 상승하는 대사불활성 folic acid은 MTHFR유전자 및 다른 유전자의 활성장애가 유발( excess folic acid, low b12 and a host other malnutrition/methylation issues.)되어 있는 경우 메틸레이션 이상 초래하게 될 것

Low B12(MCV : 활성형 B6, B12를 반영함...MCV>90)== High Folic Acid== Low Iron<훼리틴 60이하로 저하>, Low Vitamin A, D, E, and K<비타민D저하>== Low Omega 3’s and other fatty acids<필수지방산 저하>

Difficulty gaining weight / failure to thrive 체중저하 성장지연==Gas 잦은 방귀==Diarrhea설사빈발==Bloating 팽만==Abdominal Pain 복통==Food in stool 소화 안된 변==Fat in stool 지방변==GB disease 담낭질환 병발==Acid reflux 위식도역류==Malabsorption 흡수장애==Difficuly losing weight / obesity 체중조절 곤란==and much more…

There are a number of theories regarding the causes of overmethylation as well as undermethylation. The most obvious cause is that of MTHFR genetic polymorphisms. If you possess a polymorphism of the MTHFR gene, this may be directly associated with poor methylation or highly efficient methylation. Fortunately you can detect whether you have a mutation of the MTHFR gene by getting a simple blood test.

MTHFR is an acronym for “Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase.” MTHFR is an enzyme and the MTHFR gene is necessary for the creation of the enzyme which regulates the methyl cycle. When the gene is considered abnormal, the methyl cycle may function abnormally. There are a variety of possible mutations that may occur to the MTHFR gene as well as its nucleotides.

If the gene’s nucleotide is abnormal, it’s called a SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism). With the MTHFR gene, there are a variety of nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may occur, some are considered heterozygous (on one strand of DNA) while others can be homozygous (on both strands of DNA). Upon diagnosis, a professional will be able to explain whether you have homozygous or heterozygous MTHFR and the specific SNP location.

While there are a number of potential factors that may cause mental illness, one that many people don’t consider is that of methylation. It is believed that genetic mutations may lead to abnormalities in the methylation process. The methylation cycle is a specific biochemical pathway that is responsible for influencing a variety of critical biological processes including: the immune system, DNA maintenance, production of energy, and detoxification.

During the methylation process, neurotransmitters are created, giving rise to certain emotional states. If there is problems with the methylation process, it is speculated that a number of different psychiatric symptoms may arise. These speculative symptoms are thought to be specifically correlated with whether someone is considered to be stuck in a state of “overmethylation” vs. “undermethylation.”

There isn’t anything wrong with being overmethylated nor undermethylated, but it may cause some sort of mental distress. Too much methyl (overmethylation) results in a unique set of symptoms that are different than those resulting from too little methyl (undermethylation). While undermethylation is generally considered less problematic than overmethylation, you may want to consider “methylation” and its potential to cause mental illness.

Undermethylation (Histadelia): Too little methyl (a carbon group with three hydrogen atoms). Essentially they have low levels of SAM-e, which donates methyl. This can lead to perfectionism, high accomplishment, and high achievement. Now why would this be problematic 15-20% of these people experience problems as a result of the undermethylation. This can lead to low levels of serotonin, making them susceptible to depression

Overmethylation (Histapenia): Too much methyl (a carbon group with three hydrogen atoms). It is very active in the brain, and too much leads to “too much of a good thing.” This causes an overproduction of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. In many cases, high serotonin levels can cause psychological problems including reduced motivation, reduced libido, weight gain, and confusion.

Overmethylation is the polar opposite of undermethylation. If you are overmethylated, you will likely have elevated levels of serotonin, low levels of histamine, and likely a low count of absolute basophils. Additionally you may discover high levels of copper, but low presence of zinc and histamine throughout the body.

High copper***(항상): Abnormally high levels of copper are generally present among those who exhibit overmethylation.

Low basophil count: In cases of overmethylation, basophil count tends to be depressed, meaning theres less likelihood of an allergic reaction.

Low histamine***: Overmethylation results in the reduction of histamine, making it completely unnecessary to use an over-the-counter antihistamine.

Low zinc: Another common finding among those who are overmethylators is low levels of zinc.

Below is a list of possible symptoms that you may experience during overmethylation. Understand that overmethylation will not necessarily cause every single symptom on the list and that severity of each symptom is highly subject to individual variation.

ADHD : Those who are overmethylators may have attention deficits and may have been previously diagnosed with ADHD.--..ADHD치료제는 본래 도파민(성취동기 증강)과 NE(집중력 증강)상승시킬 목적으로 사용--#리탈린외의 ADHD치료제 ....허브티 ( chamomile, spearmint, lemon grass)//Ginkgo Biloba+리탈린//바코파//Gotu Kola//Green Oats//Ginseng

Anxiety 불안, 지나치면 공황: In some cases, the overmethylation can lead to increased levels of anxiety and susceptibility to panic attacks.

Artistic 예술적 취향: Some sources have suggested a link between artistic and musical pursuits and overmethylation. Whether this is accurate is subject to debate.

Depression 우울/동기결여로 인한 학업성취저하: Those with overmethylation may become depressed as a result of high levels of serotonin, lack of motivation, and accomplishment.

Dry skin 건조 피부: It has also been speculated that in those who are overmethylated tend to be more susceptible to bouts of dry skin.

Food sensitivities 음식 및 화학물질첨가제 과민/뇌알레르기: If you are an overmethylator, you may notice that you are highly sensitive to certain foods and/or chemicals.

Frustration 긴장/갈등..항상 달려들어 싸울준비 된듯.: Another sign among overmethylators is rampant frustration or becoming easily frustrated in seemingly benign situations.

High pain threshold 피어싱/문신 반복..통증역치 높다: Unlike those who are poor methylators, overmethylation is associated with a higher pain tolerance.

Low libido 성욕감퇴: Another symptom of overmethylation is that of a decreased sex drive. They may be considerably less interested in sex than average.

Low motivation 경쟁심/동기-성취 결핍: The general tendency among overmethylators is that of deficient achievement in workplace or competitive settings. This is often a direct result of the motivational deficit that may be a byproduct of overmethylation.

Nervousness 짜증/신경질적..예민..불안으로 이행: This ties into the generalized anxiety that a person may experience as a result of the overmethylation.

Obsessions 강박: Some have suggested that individuals with overmethylation may demonstrate clear obsessions, but they aren’t usually accompanied by compulsions.충동 ---UM의 경우 더 많다.

Overweight 체중과다: Those who are overmethylated may be more likely to pack on weight in part due to motivational deficits and depression.

Paranoia 망상, 환청: Among those who are strongly affected by overmethylation, paranoid thoughts, and possibly auditory hallucinations may emerge.

Restless legs 하지불안증: Another possible symptom that you may experience if you’re dealing with too much methylation is restless legs.

Self-imposed isolation고립자초-불안/우울로 인함: Those who isolate themselves from others may do so in part as a result of depression and or anxiety from overmethylation.

Self-harm자학: Researchers believe that among those who commit acts of self-harm and mutilation, overmethylation tends to occur.

Sleep disorders: Those with sleep problems may be more likely to have overmethylation.

If you are dealing with overmethylation, many experts will recommend a specific supplement regimen over the course of 3 to 6 months. Some believe that it is easier to offset the effects of overmethylation than undermethylation. While you probably won’t notice major benefit overnight, you may start to feel gradually better over the course of several months.

To properly cope with overmethylation, it is recommended to work with a professional to construct a specific regimen of supplements. These supplements work to correct nutritional imbalances and should improve symptoms of the condition.

Working with a professional will help you come up with a supplement regimen that effectively offsets the overmethylation. The goal is to gradually reduce the amount of methylation that occurs with targeted nutritional interventions. Below are some supplements that someone may take if they are overmethylated.

Vitamin C :: 구리 독성 차단+ Epi-->아드레노크롬 차단(정신증상 완화)

If you are taking a medication and have a mutation of MTHFR that leads to overmethylation, below are some likely reactions.

Antihistamines: Since you already have low levels of histamine, you are going to respond poorly to any antihistamine drug. People who are overmethylated tend to have less allergic responses than usual as a result of the low endogenous histamine.

Benzodiazepines(xanax, gabapentin): Favorable responses have been noted among those with overmethylation to taking benzodiazepines.

Lithium: The mood stabilizing agent Lithium has also been thought to yield noticeable improvement among those who are overmethylated.

Oestrogen therapy: Should you engage in oestrogen therapy as an overmethylator, you are likely to experience an adverse reaction.

SAM-e: This supplement should be avoided by any individual that is dealing with overmethylation. Adverse reactions are likely to occur as this will further increase methylation.

SSRIs: In general, people who are overmethylated already have high levels of serotonin and don’t require an SSRI. Further increasing serotonin levels may be problematic and may yield unwanted side effects or adverse reactions.

The undermethylation can lead to a number of deficiencies in nutrients throughout the body. Some researchers believe that if a person is a poor methylator, they are likely to have high levels of histamine, reduced zinc, and a high basophil count.

High histamine: It is thought that a metabolic imbalance occurs when a person isn’t capable of sufficient methylation, leading to abnormally high histamine (e.g. 70 ng/ml).

Low plasma zinc: Some individuals who are chronically undermethylated tend to have zinc deficiencies.

Low serum copper***(정상일수도 높을수도 있음): Those with poor methylation ability tend to have low levels of copper.

High Basophil count: This is often detected in blood tests and is associated with infections and allergic reactions. If levels exceed 50 cells/cu mm, there’s a better chance of undermethylation.

High homocysteine()***: The greater the degree of undermethylation, the higher you can expect your homocysteine levels.(B12-엽산부족시는 호모시스테인에서 메치오닌으로의 전환 감소....B6부족시는 호모시스테인에서 시스타치온으로의 전환 차단됨...OM이나 UM에서 모두 상승 가능)

High heavy metals***: Proper methylation is thought to help detoxify the body of heavy metals and toxins. If a person is undermethylated, some speculate that they may have increased build-up of heavy metals.

Keep in mind that if you are suffering from undermethylation, you may not experience every symptom on this list. There are different genetic polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene as well as other factors that may dictate your experience. Below is a collective list of symptoms that people with undermethylation tend to exhibit.

Addictions 약물중독 경향: Those who are considered undermethylators may be more likely to battle addictions and/or have addictive personalities.

Competitive 경쟁심리: It is believed that many undermethylators are extremely competitive in sports, business, and other facets of life. Competition is a notable signal that a person may not have a sufficient methylation process.

Concentrative endurance 긴 시간 집중 결여/단시간에 쇼부 선호: Some individuals who are suffering from undermethylation may have a difficult time maintaining focus for prolonged periods of time. In other words, their concentration ability may wane quicker than average.

Delusions 환각..현실감 결여 유발: Certain individuals that fall into the undermethylation diagnosis may experience delusions or beliefs that aren’t based in reality. While these generally are not severe, then can interfere with the accuracy of a person’s perception of reality.

Headaches 두통빈발: Some researchers believe that undermethylation may cause physical symptoms such as headaches.

High achievement 성취 수월: One characteristic (rather than symptom) of people with low levels of methylation is that of accomplishment and achievement. Many individuals considered top athletes, CEOs, and professionals may be fueled in part by undermethylation.

High libido 성욕과잉: A person may be highly interested in sex and/or have a higher than average “drive” compared to others.

Obsessive compulsive 강박충동: Undermethylation may provoke symptoms of OCD or other obsessive tendencies. In fact, someone may actually get diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder as a result of their methylation deficiency.

Oppositional defiance 반대도전장애: Another common finding is that those displaying signs of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) tend to also have undermethylation. While this isn’t a very common diagnosis, it is thought to be related to undermethylation.

Inner tension: While a person who is an undermethylator may appear to exhibit a calm demeanor, they may be filled with inner tension.

Low pain tolerance 통증역치 저하: Individuals with undermethylation tend to have a poor tolerance to any sort of pain.

Perfectionism 완벽주의경향: Another trait of undermethylators is that of perfectionism. They aren’t satisfied unless tasks are completed in accordance to their specific methodology. They may be intolerant to less-than-perfect outcomes.

Phobias 공포증: Certain phobias or irrational fears may be caused in part by undermethylation.

Ritualistic behavior: Those who are undermethylated may engaged in ritualistic behavior with rigid schedules. They may have specific daily rituals to which they must adhere.

Seasonal allergies 계절적 알레르기: It has also been suggested that allergies may be stronger among undermethylators, particularly during seasonal transitions. This may be related to naturally elevated levels of histamine, leading to more pronounced reactions.

Self-motivated 자기동기부여: A person who is undermethylated may be highly self-motivated in both school and work functions. They may not need any outside inspiration or encouragement to complete their work, they are fuelled internally by themselves.

Social isolation 사회적 고립: Some individuals with undermethylation may isolate themselves from others and prefer to be left alone, especially during the completion of work.

Strong willed 강한 의지: Another characteristic that is found among those who are undermethylated is that of a strong will.

Undermethylation and Serotonin: Researchers speculate that undermethylation is associated with abnormally low levels of serotonin in the brain. While the mainstream media has lead most people to believe that low serotonin is always bad, clearly not all outcomes are poor. However, the fact that undermethylators tend to have low serotonin, it can make some of these individuals more prone to developing depression. It is estimated that 15% to 20% of people dealing with undermethylation tend to find it problematic; likely as a result of serotonergic deficits.

Assuming you are suffering from undermethylation, there are numerous supplements you can consider for treatment. Generally treatment doesn’t yield drastic improvement overnight, and in some cases it can take 8 to 12 months before a person feels noticeably better. However, it is also important to realize that nutritional intervention can be highly effective and successful over the long-term.

Since undermethylation results in low levels of calcium, magnesium, methionine, and Vitamin B6 – it’s important to consider these for supplementation. Additionally it may be important to avoid folic acid as levels may be abnormally high throughout neurons. Correcting nutritional imbalances is considered an important step towards improving undermethylation symptoms.

Most people aren’t fans of taking pharmaceutical medications once they have pinpointed the problem of undermethylation. If you know for a fact that undermethylation is the problem, taking a targeted nutritional approach is your best bet. Work with a professional to determine what quantities of vitamins and/or “stack” you should be taking.

If you plan on taking a medication, some researchers have noted that outcomes among individuals with undermethylation are considered specific based on the type of drug utilized.

Antihistamines: Since those with undermethylation tend to have high levels of histamine, using an antihistamine may result in favorable effects.

Benzodiazepines: People taking benzodiazepines like Xanax tend to have unfavorable responses if they are suffering from undermethylation.

SSRIs: Those dealing with undermethylation tend to respond well to selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors. These are antidepressant drugs that specifically increase the amount of extracellular serotonin. These are considered helpful among undermethylators because they have low levels of serotonin.

Vitamin B Complex: Those taking Vitamin B Complex may experience adverse effects. This is because the person already has high levels of folic acid (Vitamin B9) and the complex serves to further elevate it.

Assuming you are a person who has a polymorphism of the MTHFR gene that is causing undermethylation or overmethylation, balancing the methylation process could drastically improve your mood or psychiatric symptoms. While many people preach that treating “over” or “under” methylation with supplement stacks will “cure” you of your psychitric illness, it is important to realize that this isn’t often the case.

Addressing the methylation imbalances could significantly improve your symptoms and/or overall health. However, it does NOT mean that you will be eventually cured of your severe anxiety or depression. A considerable number of people do improve once they address their MTHFR mutations with nutritional-based therapy, but don’t isolate methylation as the sole cause of your mental illness. Your condition may be a result of a collective number of other genetic and environmental factors.

It is important to avoid assuming that you are an overmethylator or undermethylator based on the symptoms listed above. While you may be one or the other, self-diagnosing based off of information you’ve read online may end up doing more harm than good. If you are serious about learning whether you truly have a methylation problem, get the MTHFR gene tested and have the results analyzed.

Determining whether you have an MTHFR mutation is the best way for you to get proof that supports your hypothesis of being an overmethylator or undermethylator. Using a treatment protocol for overmethylation or undermethylation when you have no actual methylation dysfunction may be more problematic than beneficial. If you have had your MTHFR gene tested and successfully treated your methylation dysfunction, feel free to share your experience in the comments section below.

food allergies--seasonal allergies//urticaria--prickly heat--large swollen mosquito bites

car sick--seasickness--motion sickness in general//nausea--vomiting--stomach ache--loose stools

higher sex drive (not really a problem typically but good to know)--menstrual cramps

**OM<구리축적 상태+/상대적 아연결핍, ALP저하/구리축적...세룰로플라스민 상승[히스타민 파괴...VC파괴]/B3,9,12결핍(메칠기 처리난망/독성증가..homocys과다축적(UM-OM공통)..도파민/NE/세로토닌상승 상태..구강궤양/치아손상 증가...)----th1 polarity//교정> B3912C, 아유르젠올해피DMAE(NE으로부터 경합적으로 메칠기 탈취-->Epi생성 감소->아드레노크롬 생성차단, Ach상승유도목적)>

**UM<구리정상 또는 결핍 상태+,아연...히스타민상승/MgB6결핍-SGOT, SGPT, GGT, MCV저하 --th2 polarity//복합비타민제 금기...메칠기 공급목적/SAMe-MgB6 == HM축적형>

**Th1우세인 경우 : 아유르젠/액트엔, (또는 카페인, 녹차, 라이코펜, 레스베라트롤, 피크노게놀, 커큐민, 제니스테인, 쿼세틴) -GSE

**Th2우세((상승된 히스타민 감소 목적..아유르젠/액트엔도 사용가능)) -홍삼/감초/황기/타나민/포도씨추출물/알로에/마이다케 -타나민-.. Allegra/AM..benadrylORprimalan/PM....커큐민-쿼세틴

**Th1,2증가로 인한 염증문제 발생시 : bilberry(안토시안), EGCG/silymarin/curcumin(아유르젠/액트엔), Quercetine, resveratrol, VD-W3FA-Ginko(타나민),

'모발 조직 내 아연 및 구리 농도와 대사증후군 지표와의 상관관계(아주대학원, 2008)'라는 논문에 따르면 혈청 구리 농도와 아연/구리 비율이 대사증후군의 발병율과 연관이 있다고 보고했습니다.

아연은 결핍시 췌장의 인슐린 함량은 변하지 않지만 췌장에서 분비되는 인슐린 양이 감소하여 이론적으로 인슐린 저항성 증가할 것으로 생각됩니다만 연구결과는 일관성이 결여되어 있었고, 아연대사 장애는 당뇨병과 그 합병증의 발생에 어떠한 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 추정되는데 동물 실험에 의하면, 아연이 인슐린 작용에 필수적이진 않더라도 인슐린 작용을 조절하는데 있어 다음과 같은 중요한 역할을 하여 인슐린 감수성을 개선시킨다고 여겨집니다.

1) 인슐린의 분비와 활성을 촉진//2) 인슐린 신호전달 과정에 직접 참여//3) 갑상선 호르몬의 활성화에 기여하여 당이 지방으로 합성되는 것을 줄임

또한 혈청 구리가 높으면 비만이 많으며 구리 수준이 가장 낮은 군(Cu:0.8~1.5mg%)에서는 혈압과 혈당이 낮고 모발 내 구리 수준이 높은 군에서는 대사증후군의 유병률 증가함을 보입니다.

게다가 아연/구리 비율(정상 성인 : Zn/Cu = 9.4정도라고 봄)은 체질량 지수 및 복부 둘레와 유의한 음의 상관관계를 가지는데 모발 내 아연/구리 수준이 가장 낮은 군(Zn/Cu≤3.33)에서는 혈압 상승, 인슐린 저항성과 대사증후군 발생 위험도가 4배 가량 증가하고 허혈성 심질환이 초래하며 모발 내 아연/구리 수준이 가장 높은 군(Zn/Cu≥10.01)에서는 혈당이 낮고 대사증후군의 유병률 또한 유의하게 감소함을 보입니다.

모발 중 미네랄 함량과 혈중 미네랄 함량을 비교한 연구에서 모발에서 10~10,000배에 이르는 함량의 차이가 존재하지만 모발 미네랄 검사는 장기간에 걸쳐 누적된 변화를 확인하기 위한 유용한 수단으로 알려집니다. 비록 아연과 구리의 정상치에 대한 구체적 기준이 아직 정해지지는 않았지만 아연과 구리 중 어느 하나의 과잉은 서로의 결핍을 유도하므로(길항작용을 통한 항상성 유지) 정기적인 모발 검사를 통해서 아연과 구리의 적정비율을 식생활로 유지하여 대사성질환을 예방하는데 이용가능하리라 생각해봅니다.

참고로 대사증후군은 NCEP-ATP III의 아시아-태평양 진단기준에 따르면 다음과 같습니다.

3) 고중성지방혈증 : 150mmHg 이상 또는 지질 개선제를 복용중인 경우

5) 고혈당 : 공복혈당 110mmHg 이상 또는 당뇨약을 복용중인 경우

@@Hair Analysis and the Zinc/Copper Ratio...Posted by Eileen Durfee on 7th Apr 2017

The Zinc/Copper (Zn/Cu) ratio is another important body mineral ratio that can be discovered through a hair analysis test. An imbalance between zinc and copper levels in the human body leaves a person more susceptible to infections and other unwanted health conditions including ear infections, skin rashes, and dandruff. Dr. Paul C. Eck, an expert in hair tissue mineral analysis, interprets the high and low ranges for Zn/Cu ratios on hair analysis test as indicative of potential internal issues that need to be corrected.

Hair analysis test report zinc to copper ratio

Zinc/Copper Ratios and Indications on Hair Analysis Test Reports:

A high zinc to copper ratio, above 16, indicates severe copper deficiency or bio-unavailability

A ratio between 8-16 indicates copper deficiency or unavailability

A ratio of 8-1 is IDEAL

Ratios between 4-8 generally indicate copper toxicity

Ratios between 2-4 often indicate severe copper toxicity

High ratios of copper are found in the majority of vegetarians or vegans undergoing HTMA. Copper is balanced by zinc, and the best dietary source of zinc is red meat, which is why vegetarians and vegans are often low in zinc and high in copper.

Zinc levels can also be lower in the body because zinc is not prevalent or present in soil, refined sugar, white rice, and white flour.

Eating foods that contain high amounts of zinc helps to balance copper levels; however, consuming too much zinc during the copper elimination process can cause the body to replace copper in the liver. This results in copper being forced into the blood stream, which causes more aggravated copper elimination symptoms.

Symptoms that may occur due to excess copper and a zinc deficiency include:

Skin problems

Emotional instability

PMS

Reproductive problems

Prostatitis

Menstrual problems

Depression

Fatigue

Zinc and copper work closely together as part of the immune response. Zinc is highly anti-inflammatory and critical for proper immune response. Too much copper interferes with zinc metabolism and can accumulate when there is a zinc deficiency. In contrast, too much zinc tends to lower copper at an excessive rate which affects the estrogen level.

An elevated level of zinc, above 15 mg %, on a hair analysis is normally due to the presence of a copper. A level of zinc over 20 mg % can indicate hidden copper. This is why the ratio of these two minerals is so much more helpful than their individual levels. Get your hair analysis test today to learn about your body’s mineral ratios and get on your way to better health!

Related Posts:

The Calcium/Magnesium Ratio and Hair Analysis

Tackle Copper Toxicity with Hair Analysis

---ASD(Jasperger SD) 원인기전 : 뇌의 염증(IL-6, TNF상승) + BBB손상 by Mast cell activation Sx ((MCS)) -->hives(특히 생후 수개월내에 전신에 발생, 그후 40-50대에 재발...생명위협가능...IL차단제와 항히스타민제 복용이 필요) CFS(만성피로) FM(섬유근통) interst.cystitis간질성방광염 BA천식 : induced by environmental factor + prenatal maternal stress(나중엔 일광이든 그 무엇이든 모든 형태의 스트레스가 트리거로 작용하게 됨)....그외에 Hg축적, 감염증(virus. 진균, bacteria)도 유발요소로서 중요 ===>(%CRH의 타겟은 전신에 있는 MastCell!!/BrainMastCell의 표면에 있는 CRH수용체 발현시 VEGF가 유리됨 = BBB가 열리게 됨[BBB회복은 멜라토닌이 주효!!]...언어관련Broca area와 감정관련 Diencephalon/Hypothalamus에 악영향끼치는 것이 ASD자폐스펙트럼장애임)...뇌의 비반세포내의 미토콘드리아가 TNF, IL-6등에 의해 손상받게 되면 비반세포외로 배출되고 미토콘드리아DNA를 세균으로 인식한 면역계가 면역염증반응을 촉발/미토콘드리아 기능이상 야기(무기력)//비반세포-microglia사이의 세포간소통을 통해 증폭......ASD(ADHD에서도 아토피성 피부염 등 피부발진과거력이 흔함!!...즉, 일종의 비반세포병리기전 작동)에서는 띵-멍, 피곤. 집중력장애=Brain fog발생.....피부발진(습진, 아토피)/특정음식에 대한 알레르기 또는 불내인성/복통<수면장애 유발>이 빈번....스트레스를 못견디는 스트레스불내인성, 눈접촉/주의-집중력 결여...소통력 상실...사교성 저하 등이 ASD의 특징==>MTOR 차단제인 Luteolin(카모마일성분의 플라보노이드 : 올리브오일에 다량함유..다른 플라보노이드도 동일 효과..)+쿼세틴(자몽에 많다)이 비반세포활성억제제로서 매우 도움됨/Brain fog개선(특히 카모마일 티) ..((비반세포억제제로 기존에 알려진 크로몰린소듐은 동물에서는 잘 듣지만 사람에게서는 별로 효과 없는듯...))

@에스트로겐 벨 커브

==에스트로겐결핍(저메틸화...구리저하) : 중풍, 치매, 심혈관질환, 안면홍조, 기억감퇴, 감정변덕

==에스트로겐과다(과메틸화..구리증가.) : 중풍, 색전/혈전, 갑상선기능저하, PMS, 빈혈, (유방-전립선-난소)암발생증가, 자궁근종/자궁내막증, 담낭질환

@카테콜아민/도파민 (또는 그들의 수용체) 벨 커브......도파민결핍증상군은 상대적 결핍일 수 있음...예>도파민저하, 또는 정상도파민+세로토닌상승에서도 야기됨

==카테콜아민 저하(COMT활성증가 결과) : 음식갈망, 약물남용/중독, 분노/충동경향, 고위험성 행동

==카테콜아민 상승 (COMT활성억제 결과): SPR, 공격성/폭력성, 섬망/망상, 불안/공황, 동계/고혈압, 수면이상, 만성통증 ***COMT는 monoamine(세로토닌, 도파민, NE) oxidase=MAO처럼 작용하여 NT를 감소시키지만 이 COMT대사 과정은 메칠기가 추가로 공급되어야 활성됨(=methyl기 블랙홀이다!!...*tip::히스타민대사에 이용되는 DAO, HNMT효소과정중에서, HNMT 대사과정도 메칠기를 소모한다..)

-----[구리-아연-에스트로겐]----------------

....구리와 아연은 두뇌 세포내부에서 여러 효소에 영향을 끼침.... 이 효소 중에는 뇌세포가 서로 메시지를 전달하는데 사용하는 신경 전달 물질을 만드는 것들이 있는 반면, 신경 전달 물질이 더 이상 뇌세포 전달 물질용으로 필요하지 않을 때 불활성으로 만드는 효소들도 있음.... 적당한 균형이 관건... 아연과 구리의 균형은 두뇌가 기분을 조절하고 스트레스에 반응하는 데 아주 중요... 비타민 B6는 이 특수 효소가 가장 흔하게 필요로 하는 비타민이기 때문에 종종 우울증 치료에 효과가 있음

.....에스트로겐의 뇌에 대한 영향((MAO COMT 모두 억제))...E/P 호르몬 균형이 맞을 때는 유리하게 작용하지만, 호르몬이 과다하거나 프로게스테론 때문에 균형이 맞지 않을 때는 불리함.... 예를 들면, 두뇌 효소의 한 가지인 '모노아민 옥시다제(MAO)' 수치가 상승하면 NT감소로 인해 우울증을 야기 가능... MAO 수치가 낮아지면 우울증은 깨끗이 소실.... 단기간의 에스트로겐 수치 상승은 MAO를 억제하는 경향이 있어서 우울증을 예방하는 반면, 프로게스테론의 싱승은 MAO를 상승시키는 경향이 있어서 우울증을 유발....

....엘렌 그랜트 박사는 높은 구리 수치와 낮은 아연 수치(=ED의 특징 발현), 그리고 월경 전 증후군과 연관성이 있을 것으로 보이는 분노 사이의 관계를 규명했음...장기간 과다 에스트로겐과 프로게스틴에 노출되면 구리와 아연 불균형이 초래될 수 있고... 더 오랜 기간 동안 에스트로겐 수치가 상승하면 혈액내 단백질 세룰로플라스민(ceruloplasmin) 수치를 상승-....CP는 구리와 결합-제거해서 구리가 적절한 효소 기능에 필요한 뇌세포로 들어가는 것을 차단함.... 이때, 에스트로겐 축적때문에 혈액 속 구리 수치는 상승, 아연 수치는 감소상태 ....혈액 속에서 구리 수치가 높아지면, 더 많은 구리가 땀과 털로 소모되기 때문에 결국 뇌세포 속의 구리는 고갈이 뷰발됨.... 혈액 속의 구리와 아연 수치는 상반된 관계를 보이는 경향.... 혈청구리상승은 뇌세포 내 저장된 구리의 고갈을 유발...이 때, 혈청아연은 감소. 이 두 가지 미네랄의 불균형으로 인해 이들이 보조 인자 역할을 하는 효소 활동의 균형이 깨지기 때문에 스트레스에 과장된 반응을 보이고, 기분이 급격하게 변화하고 우울증이 야기됨. ....구리와 아연 수치를 정상적으로 회복하는 일은 번거롭고도 힘들다... 앞서 언급한 것처럼 혈청 구리 수치 상승=혈액 속의 CP수치상승, 반면에 뇌세포 속의 구리는 고갈됨. 구리 보충제를 금한다면 뇌세포 문제는 악화될 것이고, 그렇다고 구리를 보충시키자니 아연 수치는 더욱 낮아질 것이고, 아연에 의존하는 효소들은 효과적으로 기능을 수행할 수 없게 될 것.... 물론, 목표는 이 두 가지 중요한 미네랄의 균형을 정상적으로 회복하는 것...매우 중요한 것은, 혈청 검사수치가 곧바로 이 미네랄의 세포 내 수치를 정확하게 반영하지 못한다는 사실.....해답은 적혈구와 백혈구같이 혈액이 운반하는 세포 내의 구리와 아연 수치를 측정하는 것...혈구세포막은 이 미네랄들의 세포내 수치를 조절하므로, 세포막이 건강하면 칼륨, 마그네슘, 구리, 아연을 정확한 양으로 세포 내에 보관하면서 동시에 수분을 유입, 부종을 초래하는 세포 내 나트륨은 내보내게 될 것...그런데, 에스트로겐과 프로게스틴은 이런 세포막의 기능에 장애를 초래하지만 천연 프로게스테론은 그 기능을 적절하게 회복시킴(바르는 크림형태가 좋다!!)....호르몬 균형이 이루어지고 신선한 무가공식품이 건강에 도움이 될 정도로 식단에 포함되어 있다면 미네랄 불균형은 저절로 고쳐지게 될 것.