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Nrf2´Â ±×°ÍÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¼¼Æ÷°¡ Á¤»ó¼¼Æ÷À̵çÁö ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷À̵çÁö ±× ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ Ã漺À» ´ÙÇØ ÀÏÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀ̹ǷÎ, Nrf2ÀÚü´Â ÁË°¡ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´Ü, Nrf2´Â ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ ÁöÅ°´Â º´»ç¿Í °°Àº °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ ³»¿¡ °ÇÑ º´»ç°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é, Ç×¾ÏÁ¦³ª ¹æ»ç¼±À¸·Î °ø°ÝÇصµ Áױ⠾î·Æ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.
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¼³Æ÷¶óÆÇÀÌ Nrf2¸¦ È°¼ºÈÇÏ´Â ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀº ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÇظíµÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK)ÀÇ È°¼ºÈ¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ±âÀü°ú Nrf2¸¦ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î È°¼ºÈÇÏ´Â ±âÀü µî ¿©·¯ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀÌ º¸°íµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¾î·µç ¼³Æ÷¶óÆÇ ¸¹Àº ½ÇÇè¿¡¼ Nrf2ÀÇ È°¼ºÈÀÎ positive control½Ã¾àÀ¸·Îµµ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Á¤µµ, Nrf2È°¼ºÁ¦·Î ÀÛ¿ëÀº È®¸³µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
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Áï, '¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß»ý¿¹¹æ¿¡ È¿°úÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ ¾ÏÄ¡·á Áß¿¡µµ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í´Â ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù', '¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¿ªÈ¿°ú°¡ ÀÖÀ» °¡´É¼ºµµ ÀÖÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù'´Â Á¡ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÇѹæÄ¡·áµµ ¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß»ýÀ̳ª Àç¹ßÀÇ ¿¹¹æ ¹× ¾ÏÄ¡·á Áß¿¡¼´Â ó¹æÀÌ ´Þ¶ó¾ßÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹ß»ý¿¹¹æ ¹× Àç¹ß¿¹¹æÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ̶ó¸é Ç×»êÈÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¼ººÐ°ú ±Û·çŸƼ¿ÂÀÇ »ý»êÁõ°¡, Nrf2ÀÇ È°¼ºÈ ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¼ººÐÀ» ÇÔÀ¯ÇÑ »ý¾àÀ» ÁÖü·Î ÇÑ Ã³¹æÀº ¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß»ýÀ̳ª Àç¹ßÀ» ¿¹¹æÈ¿°ú¸¦ ³ôÀÎ´Ù°í »ý°¢µË´Ï´Ù.
±×·¯³ª Ç×¾ÏÁ¦Ä¡·á³ª ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á¸¦ ÇÏ°íÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â, ¹Ý´ë·Î, Nrf2 È°¼ºÀ» ÀúÇØÇÏ´Â ¼ººÐÀÇ ÀÌ¿ëÀ» ÁÖü·Î ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ½Ä»çµµ ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¼³Æ÷¶óÆÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Ç×»êȷ°ú Çص¶·ÂÀ» ³ôÀÌ´Â ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ºê·ÎÄݸ®(ƯÈ÷ ºê·ÎÄݸ® »õ½Ï) ¹× ±âŸ °ÜÀÚ°ú ¾ß並 ±ÇÀåÇÏ´Â ÀÇ°ßµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, Àç¹ß¿¹¹æ ´Ü°è¶ó¸é ¸Þ¸®Æ®°¡ ÀÖÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸, ¾ÏÄ¡·á Áß¿¡´Â Á¤¸» È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö(Àû¾îµµ Ç×¾ÏÁ¦³ª ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·áÀÇ È¿´ÉÀ» ³ôÀδٴ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î) ÀÌ»óÇÑ »ý°¢ÀÌ µì´Ï´Ù.
¡¼Nrf2ÀÇ È°¼ºÈ´Â ¹ß¾Ï°úÁ¤À» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù¡½
Àü»çÀÎÀÚ Nrf2(Nuclear respiratory factor 2)´Â Ç×»êȱâ´É°ú Çص¶±â´ÉÀ» °¡Áø ´Ù¾çÇÑ À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ Àü»ç¸¦ À¯µµÇÕ´Ï´Ù. È°¼º»ê¼Ò³ª À½½Ä¿¡ ÇÔÀ¯µÈ Ä£ÀüÀÚü(electrophile)¿¡ÀÇÇØ ÃÊ·¡µÇ´Â »êȽºÆ®·¹½º´Â DNA¿Í ´Ü¹éÁú, Áö¹æ µîÀÇ »ýü°íºÐÀÚ¸¦ »êÈÇÏ¿© »óÇظ¦ ÀÔÈ÷°Å³ª, ¾ÏÀ̳ª ´ç´¢º´°ú ½ÅÀåÁúȯ, ½Å°æÅðÇ༺Áúȯ µî °¢Á¾ Áúº´À» ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ¿øÀÎÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »êȽºÆ®·¹½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹æ¾î ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò¿¡¼ Áß¿äÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Keap1-Nrf2 ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á¤»ó¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ »êȽºÆ®·¹½º°¡ ¾ø´Â »óȲ¿¡¼ Nrf2´Â Keap1(Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1)À̶ó´Â ´Ü¹éÁú¿¡ °áÇÕÇÏ¿© À¯ºñÄûƾȸ¦ ¹Þ¾Æ ºÐÇØÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
±×·¯³ª »êȽºÆ®·¹½º¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¸é Keap1ÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅ×ÀÎ ÀܱⰡ ¼ö½ÄÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ±¸Á¶°¡ º¯ÈÇÏ°í, Keap1¿¡¼ Nrf2ÀÌ ¶³¾îÁ® ÇÙÀ¸·Î ÀÌÇàÇÏ°í, À¯ÀüÀÚ »ó·ù¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â Ç×»êÈÁ¦ ÀÀ´ä¹è¿ ARE(antioxidant response element)¿¡ °áÇÕÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ, ÀÌ ARE ¹è¿À» °¡Áø ´Ù¾çÇÑ À¯ÀüÀÚ(Ç×»êÈÈ¿¼Ò¿Í ±Û·çŸƼ¿ÂÀÇ ÇÕ¼º¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â È¿¼Ò³ª ÆäÀ̽º2 Çص¶È¿¼Ò µî)ÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀ» À¯µµÇÏ°í Ç×»êÈ¿Í Çص¶¿¡ °üÇÑ ´Ü¹éÁú°ú ÀÎÀÚÀÇ ÇÕ¼ºÀ» Çâ»ó½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¤»ó¼¼Æ÷ ¹× îñ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼´Â Nrf2 È°¼ºÀ» Ç×ÁøÇÏ´Â Nrf2È°¼ºÁ¦´Â ¹ß¾Ï°úÁ¤À» ¾ïÁ¦Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¾Ï¿¹¹æ ¹°Áú·Î ÀνĵǾú½À´Ï´Ù. (À§ ±×¸² ¿ÞÂÊ)
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Nrf2ÀÇ È°¼ºÈ¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾Ï¿¹¹æ ¹°Áú·Î ¼³Æ÷¶óÆÇ°ú Ä¿Å¥¹Î(curcumin)°ú ·¹½ºº£¶óÆ®·Ñ(resveratrol) µîÀÌ º¸°íµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
¡¼Nrf2ÀÇ È°¼ºÈ¸¦ ÀúÇØÇÏ¸é ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷´Â Áױ⠽¬¿öÁø´Ù¡½
Àΰ£ÀÇ Æó¾Ï µî ¸¹Àº °íÇüÁ¾¾ç¿¡¼ Nrf2±â´É ÀÌ»óÇ×ÁøÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í Nrf2È°¼ºÀÌ ³ôÀ¸¸é Ä¡·áÀÇ ÀúÇ×¼ºÀ¸·Î ¿¹ÈÄ°¡ ºÒ·®ÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
Nrf2´Â Çص¶È¿¼Ò, Ç×»êÈ ´Ü¹éÁú, ¾àÁ¦¹èÃâÆ®·£½ºÆ÷ÅÍ µîÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ÃÑ°ýÀûÀ¸·Î È°¼ºÈÇÏ¿© ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Ç×¾ÏÁ¦ ³»¼º°ú ¹æ»ç¼± ³»¼ºÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Nfr2Àº Æ÷µµ´ç°ú ±Û·çŸ¹Î ´ë»ç¸¦ º¯È½ÃÄÑ ¼¼Æ÷Áõ½Ä¿¡À¯¸®ÇÑ µ¿È¹ÝÀÀÀ» ÃËÁøÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Nrf2´Â ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ÆæÅ佺Àλê°æ·Î(Pentose phosphate pathway)¸¦ È°¼ºÈÇÏ¿© ÇÙ»ê°ú NADPHÀÇ »ý»êÀ» ´Ã·Á ¼¼Æ÷Áõ½ÄÀ» Ç×ÁøÇÕ´Ï´Ù. NADPH´Â ±Û·çŸƼ¿ÂÀÇ ÇÕ¼º¿¡µµ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¸¹Àº ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼´Â »êȽºÆ®·¹½ºÀÇ À¯¹«¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ Nrf2ÀÇ ¹ßÇö·®°ú È°¼ºÀÌ Ç×ÁøÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â RAS¿Í MYC µîÀÇ ¾Ï À¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ Nrf2¸¦ È°¼ºÈÇÏ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Nrf2ÀÇ È°¼ºÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â Keap1ÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ º¯ÀÌ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Nrf2°¡ È°¼ºÈÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ¹ß°ßµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Ç×½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÈÁ¤ÈµÈ Nrf2´Â »êȽºÆ®·¹½º¿Í Ç×¾ÏÁ¦/¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀúÇ×¼ºÀ» °ÈÇÏ°í, º¸´Ù Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ¼¼Æ÷Áõ½ÄÀ» ÃËÁøÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. Ç×¾ÏÁ¦Ä¡·á³ª ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È°¼º»ê¼Ò°¡ ´Ã¾î³ª¸é ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Nrf2ÀÇ ¾çÀ» ´Ã·Á ÀúÇ×¼ºÀ» ȹµæÇØ °©´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ·¸°Ô Nrf2ÀÇ È°¼ºÈ´Â ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷°¡ Ä¡·á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀúÇ×¼ºÀ» ȹµæÇÏ´Â ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Nrf2ÀÇ ±â´É¾ïÁ¦´Â Ç×¾ÏÁ¦Ä¡·áÀÇ È¿°úÀûÀÎ Àü·«ÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. (À§ ±×¸² ¿ÞÂÊ)
´ç´¢º´¼º ½ÅºÎÀüÀ̳ª ¸¸¼ºÆó¼â¼º ÆóÁúȯ µî ´ëºÎºÐ »êȽºÆ®·¹½º¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ÁúȯÀÇ ¿¹¹æ ¹× Ä¡·á¸¦ À§ÇØ Nrf2È°¼ºÈÁ¦°¡ ÀÓ»óÀÀ¿ëÀ» À§ÇØ °³¹ßµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
¹Ý¸é, ¾ÏÄ¡·á¿¡´Â Nrf2ÀúÇØÁ¦°¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù°í »ý°¢µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Nrf2¸¦ ÀúÇØÇϸé
① ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ ³»¿¡¼ È°¼º»ê¼ÒÀÇ ÃàÀû¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ÆÆ÷Åä½Ã½º(¼¼Æ÷»ç¸ê)¸¦ À¯µµÇÒ ¼öÀÖ´Ù.
② Ç×¾ÏÁ¦Ä¡·á³ª ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·áÀÇ È¿´ÉÀ» ³ôÀÏ ¼öÀÖ´Ù.
③ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ÀÇ ¹°ÁúÇÕ¼º(µ¿È¹ÝÀÀ)À» ÀúÇØÇÏ¿© Áõ½ÄÀ» ÀúÇØÇÒ ¼öÀÖ´Ù. µîÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ ±â´ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
±×·¯³ª Àü½ÅÅõ¿©ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ¾ÏÁ¶Á÷ ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ Á¤»óÁ¶Á÷¿¡¼ »êȽºÆ®·¹½º ¹ÝÀÀÀ» °¨¾à½ÃÅ°´Â ´ÜÁ¡µµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Áï, ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ ƯÀÌÀûÀ¸·Î Nrf2¸¦ ÀúÇØÇÒ ¼öÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ¾ÏÄ¡·á¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù.
¡¼¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ ƯÀÌÀûÀ¸·Î Nrf2 È°¼ºÀ» ÀúÇØÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¡½
Nrf2ÀÇ Àü»çÈ°¼ºÀ» ÅëÇÑ Ç×»êÈÈ¿¼Ò¿Í Çص¶È¿¼ÒÀÇ ¹ßÇö¿¡´Â Æ÷µµ´çÀÇ °ø±ÞÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Glucose availability is a decisive factor for Nrf2-mediated gene expression.(Æ÷µµ´ç À¯¿ë¼ºÀÌ Nrf2¸¦ ÅëÇØ À¯ÀüÀÚ ¹ßÇöÀ» À§ÇÑ °áÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿äÀÎÀÌ´Ù = Àü»çÀÎÀÚNrf2À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ ¹ßÇö¿¡´Â Æ÷µµ´çÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿ä) Redox Biol. 2013 Jun 21; 1(1) : 359-65.
ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡¼´Â ¼³Æ÷¶óÆÇÀ¸·Î Nrf2¸¦ È°¼ºÈÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý°ú Nrf2¸¦ ÀúÇØÇÏ´Â Keap1 À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ±â´É °á¼Õ½ÃÅ°´Â ¹æ¹ý(À¯ÀüÀÚ°á¼Õ, gene knockout)À¸·Î Nrf2 È°¼ºÀ» Ç×ÁøÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇèÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Nrf2¸¦ È°¼ºÈÇϸé Æ÷µµ´çÀÇ Èí¼ö°¡ ´Ã¾î³ª ÆæÅ佺Àλê°æ·Î¿¡¼ÀÇ NADPHÀÇ »ý»êÀÌ ´Ã¾î³¯ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í Æ÷µµ´çÀÇ °ø±ÞÀ̳ª Èí¼ö¸¦ ÀúÇØÇϰųª ÆæÅ佺Àλê°æ·Î¸¦ ÀúÇØÇÏ¿©, NADPHÀÇ »ý»êÀ» ÀúÇØÇϸé, Nrf2¸¦ ÅëÇØ À¯ÀüÀÚ ¹ßÇöÀÌ ¾ïÁ¦µÇ¾î, Ç×»êÈÈ¿¼Ò¿Í Çص¶È¿¼ÒÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀÌ ¾ïÁ¦µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ½À´Ï´Ù.
Áï, ź¼öȹ° Á¦ÇÑÀ̳ª ÄÉÅæ½ÄÀÌ¿ä¹ý°ú 2-µð¿Á½Ã±Û·çÄÚ½º µîÀ¸·Î ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Æ÷µµ´ç ¼·Ãë¿Í ÆæÅ佺Àλê°æ·Î¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº Æ÷µµ´çÀÇ Èí¼ö°¡ Ç×ÁøÇÏ´Â ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ¼±ÅÃÀûÀ¸·Î Nrf2ÀÇ È°µ¿À» ÀúÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ÄÉÅæ½ÄÀÌ¿ä¹ý°ú 2-µð¿Á½Ã±Û·çÄÚ½º(2-Deoxy-D-Glucose, 2-DG)¿Í Ç×¾ÏÁ¦/¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·áÀÇ ½Ã³ÊÁö È¿°ú¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â 337 È, 338 È, 341 È, 346 È µî¿¡¼ Çؼ³ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù¸¸, ÄÉÅæ½ÄÀÌ¿ä¹ý°ú 2-µð¿Á½Ã±Û·çÄÚ½º ¹× ±âŸ Æ÷µµ´ç ´ë»ç¸¦ ÀúÇØÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ Nrf2È°¼º ¾ïÁ¦¿¡ À¯È¿ÇÏ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. (±âŸ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº 353 È, 355 È ÂüÁ¶)
¸ÞÆ®Æ÷¸£¹ÎÀÌ Nrf2 È°¼ºÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Metformin inhibits heme oxygenase-1 expression in cancer cells through inactivation of Raf-ERK-Nrf2 signaling and AMPK-independent pathways.(¸ÞÆ®Æ÷¸£¹ÎÀº Raf-ERK-Nrf2 ½ÅÈ£ Àü´Þ°è¿Í AMPKºñÀÇÁ¸Àû °æ·ÎÀÇ ÀúÇØ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ heme oxygenase-1¸¦ ÀúÇØÇÑ´Ù) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013 Sep 1; 271(2) : 229-38.
Heme Oxygenase-1Àº Çð(heme)À» biriverdin°ú ÀÏ»êÈź¼Ò(CO), À¯¸®Ã¶(Fe)·Î ºÐÇØÇÏ´Â È¿¼ÒÀÔ´Ï´Ù. biriverdin(³ì»ö»ö¼Ò)Àº biriverdin reductase¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ºô¸®·çºó(bilirubin, Ȳ´Þ¶§ÀÇ ³ë¶õ»ö »ö¼Ò)·Î ºÐÇص˴ϴÙ. ÀÌ ÇðºÐÇØ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ý»êµÇ´Â biriverdin°ú ºô¸®·çºóÀº °·ÂÇÑ Ç×»êÈÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ¾î »êȽºÆ®·¹½º¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷¼Õ»óÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸ÞÆ®Æ÷¸£¹ÎÀº Raf-ERK ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ°è¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ°í Nrf2ÀÇ ¹ßÇö·®À» ÁÙÀÌ´Â È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» º¸°íÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¸ÞÆ®Æ÷¸£¹Î°ú ÄÉÅæ½ÄÀÌ¿ä¹ý°ú 2-µð¿Á½Ã±Û·çÄÚ½ºÀÇ Á¶ÇÕÀº Ç×Á¾¾çÈ¿°ú¿¡ ½Ã³ÊÁö È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸, Nrf2 È°¼ºÀÇ ¾ïÁ¦¿¡µµ ½Ã³ÊÁö È¿°ú¸¦ ±â´ëÇÒ ¼öÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (338 È ÂüÁ¶)
¶ÇÇÑ üÜÐÙ(¼Ó½âÀºÇ®)¶ó´Â »ý¾à¿¡ ÇÔÀ¯µÈ Å©¸®½Å(chrysin)À̶ó´Â Çö󺸳ëÀ̵尡 Nrf2 È°¼ºÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Chrysin enhances sensitivity of BEL-7402/ADM cells to doxorubicin by suppressing PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 and ERK/Nrf2 pathway.(Å©¸®½ÅÀº PI3K/Akt/Nrf2¿Í ERK/Nrf2 °æ·Î¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á BEL-7402/ADM¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ µ¶¼Ò·çºñ½Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¨¼ö¼ºÀ» ³ôÀδÙ) Chem Biol Interact 2013 Oct 25; 206(1) : 100-8
ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡¼´Â Å©¸®½ÅÀÌ Áõ½Ä½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ°èÀÎ PI3K-Akt¿Í ERK°æ·Î¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Nrf2ÀÇ mRNA¿Í ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ ¹ßÇö·®À» ÇöÀúÇÏ°Ô °¨¼Ò½ÃÄÑ, Ç×¾ÏÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¨¼ö¼º(È¿´É)À» ³ôÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ º¸°íµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
Å©¸®½Å¿¡´Â ±Û·çŸƼ¿Â ³óµµ¸¦ ÀúÇϽÃÄÑ Ç×¾ÏÁ¦ÀÇ È¿´ÉÀ» ³ôÀÌ´Â È¿°úµµ º¸°íµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
Chrysin enhances doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in human lung epithelial cancer cell lines: the role of glutathione.(ChrysinÀº Àΰ£ Æó¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÁÖ¿¡¼ µ¶¼Ò·çºñ½Å¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷µ¶¼ºÀ» °ÈÇÑ´Ù : ±Û·çŸƼ¿ÂÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 258(1) : 1-9.2012³â
ChrysinÀÌ ±Û·çŸƼ¿ÂÀÌ ¼¼Æ÷ ³»¿¡¼ÀÇ ¹èÃâÀ» À¯µµÇÏ°í ±Û·çŸƼ¿Â ³óµµ¸¦ ÀúÇϽÃÄÑ Ç×¾ÏÁ¦ °¨¼ö¼ºÀ» ³ôÀÌ´Â ±âÀüÀÌ º¸°íµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡¼´Â 4Á¾·ùÀÇ Àΰ£ Æó¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÁÖ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ½ÇÇè¿¡¼ chrysinÀÌ µ¶¼Ò·çºñ½ÅÀÇ »ì¼¼Æ÷È¿°ú¸¦ Áõ°ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
üÜÐÙÀº Ç׿°ÁõÀÛ¿ë°ú °¢Á¾ Ç×¾ÏÀÛ¿ëÀÌ º¸°íµÇ¾î, ¾ÏÀÇ ÇѹæÄ¡·á¿¡µµ »ç¿ëºóµµ°¡ ³ô°í, ±× Ç×Á¾¾çÀÛ¿ëÀº °æÇèÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±× Ç׾ϼººÐÀ¸·Î ¹ÙÀÌÄ®¸°, ¹ÙÀÌÄ®·¹ÀÎ, ¿À°í´Ñ µîÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö¸¸ Å©¸®½ÅÀÇ È¿°úµµ ÀÖÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¨´Ï´Ù. (Å©¸®½ÅÀº ¹Ì±¹ µî¿¡¼´Â ¼Çø®¸ÕÆ®·Î ÆǸŵÇÁö¸¸, Àΰ£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È¿°ú¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â Áõ¸íµÈ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù)
À̻󿡼 ÄÉÅæ½ÄÀÌ¿ä¹ý + 2-µð¿Á½Ã±Û·çÄÚ½º + ¸ÞÆ®Æ÷¸£¹Î(+ºñŸ¹ÎC)ÀÇ Á¶ÇÕ ¹× ±âŸ Æ÷µµ´ç ´ë»ç(ÇØ´ç°úÁ¤°ú ÆæÅ佺Àλê°æ·Î)¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â Ä¡·á¹ý°ú µðŬ·Î·Î ¾Æ¼¼Æ®»ê ³ªÆ®·ý(Sodium Dichloroacetate, DCA)°ú ¾Æ¸£Å×¼ö³×ÀÌÆ®(Artesunate : ¾Æ¸£Å׹̽ôÑ)¿Í ¼³ÆÄ»ì¶óÁø(Sulfasalazine) µî ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡ »êȽºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý(352 È ÂüÁ¶)¸¦ º´¿ëÇÏ¸é ½Ã³ÊÁö È¿°ú¸¦ ±â´ëÇÒ ¼öÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¾ÏÄ¡·á¸¦ ÇÒ ¶§ ¼³Æ÷¶óÆÇÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ÇÔÀ¯ÇÑ ºê·ÎÄݸ® »õ½Ï(sprout)Àº ÇÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¨´Ï´Ù.
* µðŬ·Î·Î ¾Æ¼¼Æ®»ê ³ªÆ®·ý(Sodium Dichloroacetate, DCA)´Â ÀÎÅͳÝ(http://www.dca-lab.com/(¸®Åõ¾Æ´Ï¾Æ) ¶Ç´Â http://www.pharma-dca.com/store/(¿µ±¹)¿¡¼ ±¸¸ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. DCAÀÇ Ç×¾ÏÀÛ¿ë°ú º¹¿ë¹ýÀº ÀÌ°÷À» ÂüÁ¶Çϼ¼¿ä.
2-µð¿Á½Ã±Û·çÄÚ½º(2-Deoxy-D-Glucose)´Â ¹ÌÀΰ¡ÀǾàÇ°À¸·Î ºÐ·ùµÇ¸ç ½Ä¾àó¿¡¼´Â ÀÚ°¡¼Òºñ¿ëÀ¸·Îµµ ¼öÀÔÀ» Çã°¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 2-DG´Â B2B°Å·¡°¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ¸ç ¾÷ü ¸í´ÜÀº ÀÌ°÷À» ÂüÁ¶Çϼ¼¿ä. ±×¸®°í Áß±¹ ¾Ë¸®¹Ù¹Ù¿¡¼µµ ¾÷ü(ÀÌ°÷À» Ŭ¸¯)¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 2-µð¿Á½Ã±Û·çÄÚ½º¿¡ Ç×¾ÏÀÛ¿ë°ú º¹¿ë¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ÀÌ°÷À» ÂüÁ¶Çϼ¼¿ä.
Àú¿ë·® Ç×¾ÏÁ¦·Î ¾ÏÀ» Ä¡·áÇÏ´Â ¸ÞÆ®·Î³ë¹Í ÄɸðÅ׶óÇÇ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ÀÌ°÷À» ÂüÁ¶Çϼ¼¿ä,
´õ ÀÌ»ó Ç×¾ÏÄ¡·á°¡ µèÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§ÀÇ ¾ÏÄ¡·á´Â ÀÌ°÷À» ÂüÁ¶Çϼ¼¿ä.
ÄÉÅæ½ÄÀÌ¿ä¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾ÏÄ¡·á´Â ÀÌ°÷À» ÂüÁ¶Çϼ¼¿ä.
ÇѾàÀ¸·Î ¾ÏÀ» Ä¡·áÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀÌ°÷À» ÂüÁ¶Çϼ¼¿ä
****Turning Tumor-Promoting Copper into an Anti-Cancer Weapon via High-Throughput Chemistry
Copper is an essential element for multiple biological processes. Its concentration is elevated to a very high level in cancer tissues for promoting cancer development through processes such as angiogenesis. Organic chelators of copper can passively reduce cellular copper and serve the role as inhibitors of angiogenesis. However, they can also actively attack cellular targets such as proteasome, which plays a critical role in cancer development and survival. The discovery of such molecules initially relied on a step by step synthesis followed by biological assays. Today high-throughput chemistry and high-throughput screening have significantly expedited the copper-binding molecules discovery to turn “cancer-promoting” copper into anti-cancer agents.
***Part I: Role of Glutathione and alpha-Lipoic Acid in the Treatment of Mercury Toxicity
***"Alpha Lipoic Acid should not be used alone, as it only mobilizes mercury with a weak bond. Without additional chelators present, such as DMPS or DMSA, the mercury may just redistribute elsewhere in the body instead of being removed."
***intracellular Copper. iron°¡ ³ô°í high ferritin, Pb-Hg-Cd ÃàÀû ::: ALA + glutathione + EDTA +proM : ´Ü, ¾ÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ °Í È®ÀÎ ÇÊ¿ä!!...
***The most important thiol antioxidant, glutathione, cannot be directly administered, whereas α-lipoic acid can. In vitro, animal, and preliminary human studies indicate that α-lipoate may be effective in numerous neurodegenerative disorders.
==Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are thought to be involved in a number of types of acute and chronic pathologic conditions in the brain and neural tissue. The metabolic antioxidant α-lipoate (thioctic acid, 1, 2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid; 1, 2-dithiolane-3 valeric acid; and 6,8-dithiooctanoic acid) is a low molecular weight substance that is absorbed from the diet and crosses the blood–brain barrier. α-Lipoate is taken up and reduced in cells and tissues to dihydrolipoate, which is also exported to the extracellular medium; hence, protection is afforded to both intracellular and extracellular environments. Both α-lipoate and especially dihydrolipoate have been shown to be potent antioxidants, to regenerate through redox cycling other antioxidants like vitamin C and vitamin E, and to raise intracellular glutathione levels. Thus, it would seem an ideal substance in the treatment of oxidative brain and neural disorders involving free radical processes. Examination of current research reveals protective effects of these compounds in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, excitotoxic amino acid brain injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, diabetes and diabetic neuropathy, inborn errors of metabolism, and other causes of acute or chronic damage to brain or neural tissue. Very few neuropharmacological intervention strategies are currently available for the treatment of stroke and numerous other brain disorders involving free radical injury. We propose that the various metabolic antioxidant properties of α-lipoate relate to its possible therapeutic roles in a variety of brain and neuronal tissue pathologies: thiols are central to antioxidant defense in brain and other tissues. The most important thiol antioxidant, glutathione, cannot be directly administered, whereas α-lipoic acid can. In vitro, animal, and preliminary human studies indicate that α-lipoate may be effective in numerous neurodegenerative disorders. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Inc.
***[¼³ÆÄ»ç¶ö¶óÁø]±Û·çŸġ¿Â»ý¼ºÂ÷´ÜÀÇ rate-limiting °æ·Î cysteine/cystine uptake¸¦ Â÷´Ü(cystine starvation) ==lymphomas.leukemia, gliomas/brainTumors, and pancreatic cancers, SCLC.....Cancer Addiction to Cyst(e)ine & Lowering Glutathione inside cancer cells
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Artesunate combined with vinorelbine plus cisplatin in treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A randomized controlled trial£¨ÁøÇ༺ ºñ¼Ò¼¼Æ÷¼º Æó¾ÏÀÇ Ä¡·á¿¡ °ü¶õ ºñ³ë·¼ºó°ú ½Ã½ºÇöóƾÀ» º´¿ëÇÑ Artesunate : randomÈ ºñ±³½ÃÇ裩 Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine£¨ñéà¤医Ì¿ùê学Üã©6(2): 134-138. 2008
ÁøÇ༺ ºñ¼Ò¼¼Æ÷¼º Æó¾Ï¾Ö ´ëÇÑ vinorelbine°ú cisplatinÀ» º´¿ëÇÑ Ç×¾ÏÄ¡·á¿¡ Artesunate¸¦ º´¿ëÇÑ °æ¿ìÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼º°ú À¯È¿¼ºÀ» °ËÅäÇÏ´Â ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î 120·ÊÀÇ ºñ¼Ò¼¼Æ÷¼º Æó¾ÏȯÀÚ¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î randomÈ ºñ±³½ÃÇèÀ» ÇàÇß´Ù.
ÄÁÆ®·Ñ±×·ìÀÇ 60¿¹¿¡¼´Â vinorelbine (25 mg/m2, once-a-day intravenous injection, at the 1st and 8th day) °ú cisplatin (25 mg/m2, once-a day intravenous drip, at the 2nd to 4th day)À» º´¿ëÇÑ Ç×¾ÏÁ¦ Ä¡·á¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ³²Àº 60·Ê¿¡¼´Â °°Àº Ç×¾ÏÁ¦Ä¡·á¿¡ artesunate (120 mg, once-a-day intravenous injection, from the 1st day to 8th day, for 8 days) Åõ¿©¸¦ Ãß°¡Çß´Ù. 21ÀÏ »çÀÌŬÀÇ Ä¡·á¸¦ Àû¾îµµ 2ȸ ½Ç½ÃÇß´Ù.
´Ü±â°£»ýÁ¸À² £¨short-term survival rate£©°ú Æò±Õ»ýÁ¸±â°£ £¨mean survival time£©°ú 1³â»ýÁ¸À²¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â µÎ ±×·ì »çÀÌ¿¡´Â Åë°èÀûÀ¸·Î À¯ÀÇÀûÀÎ Â÷°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. £¨Åë°èÀû À¯ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø¾úÁö¸¸, ´Ü±â°£»ýÁ¸À²Àº Artesunate »ç¿ë ±×·ìÀÌ 45.1% ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ÄÁÆ®·Ñ ±×·ìÀº 34.5%, 1³â »ýÁ¸À²Àº Artesunate»ç¿ë±×·ìÀÌ 45.1%¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ÄÁÆ®·Ñ ±×·ìÀº 32.7%·Î, artesunate º´¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ »ýÁ¸À²ÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁö´Â °æÇâÀ» º¸ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù£©±×·¯³ª, º´¼¼ÄÁÆ®·ÑÀ²£¨disease controlled rate£ºîÊ効CR£«êó効PR£«Üô変NCªÎü´íº£©Àº Artesunate º´¿ë±×·ìÀÌ 88.2%·Î ÄÁÆ®·Ñ ±×·ìÀÌ 72.7%·Î Åë°èÀû À¯ÀÇÀûÀÎ Â÷£¨P<0.05£©°¡ ÀÎÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¹«ÁøÇà±â°££¨time to progression£©Àº¡¢Artesunateº´¿ë±×·ìÀÌ 24ÁÖ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ÄÁÆ®·Ñ ±×·ìÀÌ 20ÁÖ·Î À̰͵µ Åë°èÀû À¯ÀÇÀûÀÎ Â÷°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. £¨P<0.05£©¡£
µÎ ±×·ì»çÀÌ¿¡¼ ºÎÀۿ루°ñ¼ö¾ïÁ¦³ª ¼ÒȱâÁõ»óµî£©ÀÇ Á¤µµ¿¡´Â Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
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