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##Phytocompounds of Rheum emodi, Thymus serpyllum and Artemisia annua inhibit COVID-19 binding to ACE2 receptor: In silico approach(¾Æ¸£Å׹̽ôÑÀÇ ACE2¼ö¿ëüģȷ ÃÖ»ó)
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**COVID19¿¹¹æ¸ñÀû PRM3: 60kg±âÁØ ÁÖ1ȸ3Á¤...3ÁÖ°±îÁö ¿¬´Þ¾Æ º¹¿ëÈÄ 4ÁÖ° 1ÁÖ°£Àº ÈÞ¾à--ÀÌ »çÀÌŬÀ» ¹Ýº¹
////±Ù°Å : ÇǶó¸Æ½º°¡ Äڷγª19¿Í °èÀýµ¶°¨¿¡ ¸ðµÎ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¼¼Æ÷½ÇÇèÀ¸·Î ¹àÈù ³í¹®.... Áúº´°ü¸®º»ºÎ »êÇÏ ±¹¸³º¸°Ç¿¬±¸¿ø°ú °í·Á´ë¿¡¼ ÇÕµ¿½ÇÇèÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù.... This is the world's first paper reporting the potent antiviral effect of Pyramax (pyronaridine + artesunate) against COVID-19 and influenza. ......ÇǷγª¸®µòÀº type1ÀÎÅÍÆä·Ð°áÇÌ °ü·Ã NFKB sp1°æ·Î È°¼ºÀúÇÏ»óÅÂ(=¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º °¨¿°¾ïÁ¦È¿°ú ¼Ò½Ç)À» Á¤»óÈ,. ¾Æ¸£Å×¼ö³×ÀÌÆ®(¾Æ¸£Å׹̽ÅÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ´ë°³ ¾Æ¸£Å×¼ö³×ÀÌÆ®ÀÇ 5¹èÀÌ»óÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä)´Â NfkB, sp1¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á÷Á¢ Á¶ÀýÀÛ¿ëµµ ¹°·Ð ÀÖÁö¸¸ À̰ͺ¸´Ù ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¿°Áõ¼º½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ°æ·ÎÀÎ TollLikeReceptor-4(TLR-4, tollÀ¯»ç¼ö¿ëü)°æ·Î¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ±âÀüÀ¸·Î ÁÖ·Î ÀÛ¿ë(ÆÐÇ÷Áõ¼Õ»ó¼º ÆóÁúȯ¹®Á¦ ÇØ°á)ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ Å« Ư¡(°¨¼âÁ¶Àý ±âÀü)..
==================
>>>Pyronaridine180mg°ú artesunate60mgÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ pyramax´Â COVID-19 ¹× ÀÎÇ÷翣ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ä¡·á´ÉÀÌ ¶Ù¾î³ Ç×¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ¾à¹°
....New Results Comment on this paper
Pyronaridine and artesunate are potential antiviral drugs against COVID-19 and influenza
Joon-Yong Bae, Gee Eun Lee, Heedo Park, Juyoung Cho, Yung-Eui Kim, Joo-Yeon Lee, Chung Ju, Won-Ki Kim, Jin Il Kim, Man-Seong Park
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.28.225102
==2019 ³â 12 ¿ù Áß±¹ ¿ìÇÑ¿¡¼ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ÀÎü »ç·Ê°¡º¸°í µÈ ÀÌÈÄ SARS-CoV-2´Â Àü ¼¼°è 200 °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ±¹°¡¿¡¼ ¼ö¹é¸¸ °ÇÀÇ ÀÎü °¨¿°À» ÀÏÀ¸ÄÑ ¾à 4.01 %ÀÇ »ç¸Á·ü (2020 ³â 7 ¿ù 27 ÀÏ ±âÁØ)À» ±â·ÏÇß´Ù.
WHO »óȲ º¸°í¼¿¡ ±Ù°Å), COVID-19 ´ëÀ¯ÇàÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±Û·Î¹ú Ä¿¹Â´ÏƼ¸¦ ¸¶ºñ ½ÃÄ×´Ù. ºñ·Ï remdesivir (±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ Ç× ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º Àü±¸ ¾à¹°) ¹× HCQ°ú °°Àº ¸î °¡Áö Èĺ¸ ¾à¹°ÀÌ ÀÎü ÀÓ»ó ½ÃÇè¿¡¼ ¿¬±¸µÇ¾î¿ÔÁö¸¸ COVID-19 ȯÀÚ¸¦ Ä¡·áÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é Ä¡·á È¿´ÉÀ» Ãß°¡·Î ´õ ¸íÈ®È÷ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ.
¿©±â¿¡¼ ¿ì¸®°¡ °üÂûÇÑ ¹Ù·Î´Â ¸»¶ó¸®¾Æ Ä¡·áÁ¦ Pyramax ® ÀÇ ÈÇÐ ¼ººÐ ÀÎ pyronaridine°ú artesunate°¡ SARS-CoV-2 ¹× ÀÎÇ÷翣ÀÚ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç× ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º È°¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¿À» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, hydroxychloroquineÀº 100μM ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ ³óµµ¿¡¼´Â È¿°ú°¡ ¾ø¾úÀ¸³ª Àΰ£ÀÇ Æó »óÇÇ (Calu-3) ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ pyronaridine°ú artesunate´Â SARS-CoV-2¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸Å¿ì È¿°úÀûÀ̾ú´Ù.
¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ¼ºÀå µ¿·ÂÇÐÃø¸é¿¡¼ pyronaridine°ú artesunate´Â Calu-3, Áï Àΰ£Æó»óÇǼ¼Æ÷¿¡¼ SARS-CoV-2 ¹× °èÀý¼º ÀÎÇ÷翣ÀÚ A ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇßÀ¸¸ç ÇÔ²² »ç¿ë½Ã ¿ì¸®´Â ¾Æ¸£Å×¼ö³×ÀÌÆ®¿Í ÇǷγª¸®µòÀÌ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °Ü¿ïö¿¡ ÇÔ²² À¯ÇàÇÒ ¼öÀÖ´Â COVID-19 ¹× ¶Ç´Â COVID19+ÀÎÇ÷翣ÀÚ È¯ÀÚ¿¡°Ô »ç¿ëÇϱ⿡ È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¾à¹°È帰¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í Á¦¾ÈÇÑ´Ù.
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ÁßÁõ ±Þ¼º È£Èí±â ÁõÈıº Äڷγª ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º 2 (SARS-CoV-2)°¡ ´ëÀ¯ÇàÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Ä×À¸¸ç, Àü ¼¼°è ÃÖ¼Ò 200 °³ ±¹°¡ ¹× ¿µÅä¿¡¼ 1600 ¸¸ °Ç ÀÌ»óÀÇ Äڷγª ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º Áúº´ (COVID-19) »ç·Ê°¡º¸°íµÇ¾ú°í ¾à 646,000 ¸íÀÌ »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù. (2020 ³â 7 ¿ù 27 ÀÏ ÇöÀç) ( 1 ).
COVID-19 ȯÀÚ¸¦ Ä¡·áÇÏ°í ¶Ç ¿¹°ßµÇ´Â ¹Ù µÎ ¹ø° ÆÒµ¥¹Í¿¡ ¹Ì¸® ´ëºñÇϱâ À§Çؼ´Â SARS-CoV-2¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È¿°úÀûÀÎ Ç× ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÁ¦°¡ ½Ã±ÞÈ÷ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
¸»¶ó¸®¾Æ Ä¡·áÁ¦ ÀÎ chloroquine°ú HCQÀº Àΰ£ Äڷγª ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸¹Àº DNA ¹× RNA ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °¨¿°¿¡ ´ëÇØ Áõ¾ðµÇ¾ú´Ù ( 2 ). ±×·¯³ª COVID-19 Ä¡·á ¿ë ¾à¹°·Î¼ÀÇ ÀÓ»ó ¿¬±¸ °á°ú´Â ±×´ÙÁö ÁÁÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù ( 3 ).
¿©±â¿¡¼ ¿ì¸®´Â ÇöÀç ´ëÇѹα¹¿¡¼ ÀÓ»ó2»ó ( 4 ) Áß¿¡ÀÖ´Â ÇǷγª¸®µò°ú ¾Æ¸£Å×¼ö³×ÀÌÆ®ÀÇ 10:3.3, Áï 3:1ÀÇ °íÁ¤ ¿ë·® Á¶ÇÕÀÎ ´Ù¸¥ Ç× ¸»¶ó¸®¾Æ ¾à¹° ÀÎ Pyramax® ÀÇ COVID-19 Ä¡·áÁ¦·Î¼ÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ÃÖÃÊ·Î º¸°íÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù.
pyronaridine°ú artesunateÀÇ Á¶ÇÕÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ÀÌÀü¿¡ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ Ç× ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º È°¼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ½ÀÌ È®ÀÎ, º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù. ( 5 , 6). ƯÈ÷, pyronaridineÀº ¿¡º¼¶ó¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¿¡ °¨¿°µÈ »ýÁã¿Í ±â´ÏÇDZ׿¡¼ ´Ù¸¥ ¸®¼ÒÁ»Ä£È¼º Ç׸»¶ó¸®¾Æ ¾à¹°º¸´Ù ´õ È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¿¡¹æÀû º¸È£¿Í ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ºÎÇÏ °¨¼ÒÈ¿°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³Â¾ú´Ù ( 7 , 8 ). °Ô´Ù°¡, artesunate´Â °Å´ë¼¼Æ÷¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¿¡ °¨¿°µÈ Áã¿¡¼ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ºÎÇϸ¦ 20 ¹è±îÁö °¨¼Ò½ÃÄ×´Ù ( 9 ).
ÇÑÆí, ¿ì¸®°¡ ½ÃÇàÇÑ ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼µµ pyronaridine°ú artesunate°¡ SARS-CoV-2 ¹× ÀÎÇ÷翣ÀÚ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ç× ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÈ°¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¿À» ¶ÇÇÑ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â pyronaridine ¹× artesunateÀÇ Ç× ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º È¿°ú¸¦ ƯÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºRNA ºÎÇÏ, ¼¼Æ÷»ýÁ¸·Â, ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ¼ºÀ嵿¿ªÇÐ ¹× ¾à¹°Ã·°¡½Ã°£ ºÐ¼® µîÀ¸·Î SARS-CoV-2 º¹Á¦¾ïÁ¦¸¦ Æò°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ù°, (ÄáÆÏ»óÇǼ¼Æ÷À¯·¡)Vero ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼, pyronaridine Àº 1.084 μMÀÇ Àý¹ÝÃÖ´ë ¾ïÁ¦³óµµ (IC 50 ), 37.09 μMÀÇ Àý¹ÝÃÖ´ë ¼¼Æ÷µ¶¼º³óµµ (CC50 ) ¹× °¨¿°24 ½Ã°£ ÈÄ 34.22 (hpi).ÀÇ ¼±ÅüºÁö¼ö(SI)¸¦ º¸¿´½À´Ï´Ù. artesunate¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇØ´ç°ªÀº °¢°¢ 53.06 μM ÀÇ IC50 , CC50Àº 100 μM ÀÌ»ó(>100 μM) ¹× 1.885ÀÌ»óÀÇ SI¸¦ º¸¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Vero ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ SARS-CoV-2¿¡ ´ëÇÑ pyronaridine ¹× artesunateÀÇ ¾ïÁ¦ È¿°ú´Â 24 ¹× 48 hpi¿¡¼ ÃøÁ¤ °á°ú¸¦ °í·ÁÇÒ ¶§ HCQÀÇ ¾ïÁ¦ È¿°úº¸´Ù Å©°Ô Ź¿ùÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù(±×¸²1A)
±×·±µ¥, Èï¹Ì·Ó°Ôµµ Calu-3(Àΰ£Æó»óÇǼ¼Æ÷À¯·¡)¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼´Â HCQÀÌ 100μM ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ ³óµµ¿¡¼ SARS-CoV-2¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç× ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º È¿°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»Áö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, pyronaridine°ú artesunate´Â SARS-CoV-2¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸Å¿ì È¿°úÀûÀ̾ú´Ù.
***Calu-3 ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ artesunateÀÇ ¾ïÁ¦ È¿°ú (24 hpi : IC50 1.76 μM, CC 50 >100 μM ¹× SI> 56.82; ¹× 48 hpi : IC50 0.453 μM, CC 50>100 μM ¹× SI>220.8)..
....... ÀÌ °á°ú¼öÄ¡µéÀº Vero ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ÀÇ artesunateº¸´Ù ÇöÀúÇÏ°Ô ¿ì¼öÇßÀ¸¸ç Calu-3 ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ pyronaridineº¸´Ù ´õ ¿ì¼öÇß´Ù (24 hpi : IC50 6.413 μM, CC50 43.08 μM ¹× SI6.718). ¹× 48 hpi¿¡¼ : IC50 8.577 μM, CC50 > 100 μM ¹× SI>11.66) ( ±×¸² 1B ).
Calu-3 ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ÀÇ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¼ºÀ嵿¿ªÇÐÀ» È®Á¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ¿ì¸®´Â pyronaridine°ú artesunate ÀÌ µÎ ¾à¹°ÀÌ ¿ë·®ÀÇÁ¸Àû ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º º¹Á¦¸¦ °¨¼Ò½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹Ý¸é HCQ´Â 1.56-50 mM ³óµµ¿¡¼ Ç× ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º È¿°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»Áö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ( ±×¸² 1C ) ÷°¡-½Ã°£ ºÐ¼®À» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿© È®ÀÎÇß´õ´Ï, ÷°¡ ºÐ¼®Àº ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º°¡ À¯ÀÔµÈ ÈÄ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼ artesunate°¡ ±â´ÉÇÔÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù ( ±×¸² 1D).
´ÜÀÏ ¿ä¹ý Á¢±Ù¹ý ( ±×¸² 1A-C ) ¿¡¼ ÀÔÁõ µÈ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ , ´Ù¾çÇÑ ³óµµÀÇ pyronaridine°ú artesunateÀÇ Á¶ÇÕÀº SARS-CoV-2¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç× ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º È¿´ÉÀ» º¸¿´À¸¸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¾à¹° Áß artesunate´Â °èÀý¼º ÀÎÇ÷翣ÀÚ AÀÇ ¼ºÀå¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÈξÀ ´õ ³ªÀº È¿°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù. Calu-3 ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ (H1N1) ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ( ±×¸² 1E )´Â COVID-19 ¹× ÀÎÇ÷翣ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ artesunateÀÇ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ »ç¿ë °¡´É¼ºÀ» °Á¶ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù......
Artesunate¿Í DNA ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È°¼º´ë»ç»ê¹° ÀÎ dihydroartemisinin (DHA)ÀÇ Ç× ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º È¿°ú´Â ÀÌ¹Ì Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ® Àִ¹Ù, ÀÌ Ç×¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÈ¿°ú´Â COVID19°¨¿°½Ã ¾ß±âµÇ´Â type-1 ÀÎÅÍÆä·Ð (IFN) »ý»ê°áÇÌÇö»ó(±× °á°ú NF-kB ¹× prox.specificity protein1[Sp1] ÀÕ´Ü °¨¼Ò =1Çü ÀÎÅÍÆä·Ð °áÇÌ + ¹Ý¸é,TGF-betaÁõ°¡ °á°ú ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º º¹Á¦ ÁõÁø ¾ß±âµÊ+Æó¼¶À¯È ÁøÇà)ÀÇ È¸º¹À» ÅëÇØ ÀϾ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸Àδ٠( 7 ). Ç× ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º È¿°ú¸¦ °®´Â ¿Ü¿¡µµ, artesunate´Â »ýÁã¿¡¼ Toll-like receptor4 (TLR4....ÆÐÇ÷ÁõÀÇ ÁÖµÈ °æ·Î..¿ø·¡ ¼¼±ÕÀÇ LPS¿¡ °¨¼ö¼ºÀÌ ´õ ³ôÀ½) µî ¿°Áõ¼º ½ÅÈ£ Àü´Þ °æ·Î¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ÆÐÇ÷ÁõÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ Æó¼Õ»ó(ÆÐÇ÷Áõ-À¯µµ Æó ¼Õ»ó)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ º¸È£ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì º¸°íµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù ( 10).
À§¿¡¼ ±â¼úÇÑ ÀÛ¿ë ¹æ½ÄÀº Calu-3 ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ SARS-CoV-2¿¡ ´ëÇÑ artesunateÀÇ Ç× ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º È¿´ÉÀÌ Vero ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Ç× ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º È¿´Éº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ¿ì¼öÇÏ´Ù´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿Í ÀÏÄ¡Çϸç ÀÌ°ÍÀº 1Çü IFN°æ·Î(T1-IFNÀº ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º°¨Áö¿¡, IL-1º£Å¸´Â ¿ø·¡ ¼¼±Õ°¨Áö¿¡ °¨¼ö¼ºÀÌ ´õ ³ôÀ½) ȸº¹È¿°ú·Î Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
ƯÈ÷, Vero¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ SARS-CoV-2 °¨¿°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ artesunateÀÇ ¾ïÁ¦ È¿°ú´Â HCQº¸´Ù ´õ ³ª»¦Áö¸¸ Àΰ£±âµµ »óÇÇ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ À¯·¡µÈ Calu-3 ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼´Â HCQº¸´Ù °¨¼ö¼ºÀÌ ´õ ¿ì¼öÇÏ¿´´Ù.
¿ì¸®ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â SARS-CoV-2 ¹× ÀÎÇ÷翣ÀÚ A ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç× ¸»¶ó¸®¾Æ ¾à¹°À» ÀçÈ°¿ë ÇÒ ¼öÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î °¡´É¼ºÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
´ÙÇàÈ÷ artesunate´Â ÇöÀç±îÁö È®ÀÎ µÈ ¾ÈÀü¼º ¹®Á¦°¡¾ø´Â ¸»¶ó¸®¾Æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ FDA ½ÂÀÎ ¾à¹°ÀÌ´Ù.
¿ì¸®ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿¡ µû¸£¸é artesunate´Â ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °Ü¿ï ÀÎÇ÷翣ÀÚ ½ÃÁð¿¡ COVID-19°¡ ¹ß»ýÇϸé ÀÏÂ÷ ¼±ÅÃÀû ¾à¹°·Î »ç¿ëµÉ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡, SARS-CoV-2 ¹× ÀÎÇ÷翣ÀÚ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ artesunateÀÇ È¿´ÉÀ» Æò°¡Çϱâ À§ÇÑ »ýü ³» ¿¬±¸°¡ µÚµû¶ó¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Ç×¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º È¿´ÉÀÌ ÀÓ»ó ½ÃÇè¿¡¼ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÔÁõµÈ °æ¿ì ¾Æ¸£Å×¼ö³×ÀÌÆ®¿Í ÇǷγª¸®µò Á¶ÇÕÀº ÁÖ·Î °Ü¿ïö¿¡ À¯ÇàÇÒ ¼öÀÖ´Â COVID-19, ¶Ç´Â COVID19 ¹× ÀÎÇ÷翣ÀÚ È¯ÀÚ¿¡°Ô È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¾à¹°ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
===Artemisinin, MATEON THERAPEUTICS and ABIOGENETICS À¯Å¸ÁÖ¸³´ëÇÐÀÇ Àӻ󿬱¸°á°ú===
Artemisinin can target multiple viral threats including COVID-19 by suppressing both viral replication and clinical symptoms that arise from viral infection.
Viral replication cannot occur without TGF-β...Æó»óÇǼ¼Æ÷À¯·¡TGF-1beta´Â 1ÇüÀÎÅÍÆä·ÐÀÇ Ç×¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÀÛ¿ëÀ» Â÷´Ü½ÃÄѼ COVID19³ª AÇüµ¶°¨¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º Áõ½ÄÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å´..µû¶ó¼ ÀÌµé ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÀÇ Áõ½ÄÀ» ¸·À¸·Á¸é TGFbetaÂ÷´ÜÀÌ ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù Áß¿ä!!(type I IFN »ý¼ºÃËÁø+TGF-1beta »ý¼ºÂ÷´Ü =¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º º¹Á¦ Â÷´Ü) [Âü°í : Epithelial-derived TGF-β1 acts as a pro-viral factor in the lung during influenza A infection]
Artemisinin, purified from a plant Artemisia annua, is able to inhibit TGF-β activity and is able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in vitro at an EC50 of 0.45 ug/ml (Mateon’s test result at Utah State University), and a Safety Index of 140(SI´Â 100ÀÌ»óÀ̶ó¾ß ±× ¾à¹°ÀÌ Ä¡·áÈ¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ°í, SI°¡ ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï È¿°ú°¡ ºñ·ÊÀûÀ¸·Î ´õ Ź¿ù!!), which is better than remdesivir and chloroquine.(HCQ³ª ·½µ¥½Ãºñ¸£º¸´Ùµµ Ä¡·áÈ¿°ú°¡ ´õ ÁÁ´Ù)
The unpurified herb extract has no anti-viral activity. (tintureº¸´Ù´Â ²À Á¤Á¦µÈ ¾àÁ¦ÇüÅ·Π»ç¿ëÇØ¾ß È¿°ú°¡ Á¦´ë·Î ³ª¿È!!)
Artemisinin also has been reported to have antiviral activities against hepatitis B and C viruses, human herpes viruses, HIV-1, influenza virus A(AIDS, Ç츣Æ佺, B,CÇü°£¿° ¹× AÇüµ¶°¨±îÁöµµ µè´Â´Ù!!), and bovine viral diarrhea virus in the low micromolar range.(¼³»çº´¿¡µµ È¿°ú!!)
TGF-β surge and cytokine storm cannot occur without TGF-β.[¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º °¨¿°Àº TGF-1beta°¡ ÀÏ´Ü Á¤»ó¼öÄ¡ ÀÌ»óÀÏ ¶§ ÀϾ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÏ´Ü ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º°¨¿°ÀÌ ÀϾ¸é TGF-1betaÀÇ Áõ»ê/ÆøÁõ(surge)ÀÌ ¾ß±âµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°í (¸é¿ª°è°¡ Á¤»óÀ̰ųª ¾à°£ °ú¹ÎÇÑ °æ¿ì), ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ cytokine storm/ARDS°¡ ¾ß±â °¡´É.]
Clinical consequences related to the TGF-β surge, including ARDS and cytokine storm, are suppressed by targeting TGF-β with Artemisinin. (¾Æ¸£Å×¹Ì½Ã´Ñ Åõ¿©·Î TGFbeta¸¦ ƯÀÌÀûÀ¸·Î Àâ¾ÆÁÖ¸é TGFbeta surge·Î ¾ß±âµÇ´Â »çÀÌÅäÄ«ÀÎ Æødz ¹× ARDSµµ ÇØ°áµÇ¹Ç·Î »ç¸Á·üÀÇ È¹±âÀû °¨¼Ò°¡ ±â´ëµÊ!!)
Indeed, TGF-β knockout mice that are genetically TGF-β deficient, have been shown to be resistant to the influenza virus.[À¯ÀüÀû óġ ÅëÇØ ¸¸µç TGF-beta³ì¾Æ¿ô ¸¶¿ì½º´Â µ¶°¨¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º°¨¿°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀúÇ×¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¿]
In the clinic, Artemisinin exhibits early efficacy signals against COVID-19. [¾Æ¸£Å׹̽ôÑÀ» Ŭ¸®´Ð¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇß´õ´Ï Á¶±â¿¡ COVID19¸¦ ÀâÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù!!]
To date, 25 effective cases have been reported, with an average time of negative nucleic acid conversion of 4 days, and a negative conversion rate of 10 days after nucleic acid detection reached 96%. (COVID19ȯÀÚ ÃÑ25ÄÉÀ̽º¿¡ Åõ¿©Çß´õ´Ï ÇÙ»êÀ½ÀüÀº Æò±Õ4ÀÏÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÇ¾ú°í 10ÀÏ°¿¡¼´Â 96%¿¡¼ ÇÙ»êÀÌ °ËÃâµÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ½)
No serious adverse reactions were seen.(Ưº°ÇÑ ºÎÀÛ¿ë ¾ø¾úÀ½)
After treatment, the patient's chest image examination showed that the inflammation in the lungs was relieved and the symptoms were significantly improved.(¾Æ¸£Å׹̽ôÑÀ¸·Î Ä¡·áÈÄ ÈäºÎXRay¼Ò°ßµµ ¼Ò½ÇµÇ¾ú°í Á¦¹ÝÁõ»óµéµµ ÇöÀúÈ÷ È£ÀüµÇ¾úÀ½)
Because it targets a host protein- TGF-β that plays a pivotal role in ARDS pathophysiology (and not a virus-intrinsic target), [¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º³»ºÎÀÚü¸¦ °ø°ÝÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó host TGF-1beta °¨¼â/type I IFN »ý»êÁõÁøÈ¿°ú·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÁõ½Ä ¾ïÁ¦ + TGF-1beta °æ·ÎÂ÷´Ü±âÀü ÅëÇØ TGF-1beta surge·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¾ß±âµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ARDSº´ÀαâÀü Â÷´Ü ±âÀüÀÌ ¾Æ¸£Å׹̽ôÑÀÇ ÁÖµÈ Å¸±êÈ¿°ú·Î º¸ÀÓ]
Artemisinin does not promote the development of drug-resistant viral mutations.(¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÀ¯Àüº¯À̸¦ ÅëÇÑ ¾àÁ¦³»¼º ¹ßÇöÀº ¾ø¾úÀ½)
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***Transforming Growth Factor-β and Interleukin-10 Synergistically Regulate Humoral Immunity via Modulating Metabolic Signals
***TGFβ1 expression associated with IL-1β (¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º Áõ½Ä¼ÓµµÁõ°¡, ¿°Áõ ¾ÇÈ ¹× ¼¶À¯È ÃËÁø)::: Down-regulation of TGF-1beta/LI-1beta pathway cause to improvement of inflamatory and fibrogenetic pathology. ....TLR-4[NFkbÀ¯¸® Áõ°¡ ÅëÇÑ ÆÐÇ÷Áõ ¹× MODSÀ¯¹ß]¿Í TGF-1beta[T1-IFN°¨¼Ò/ISG°¨¼Ò ÅëÇÑ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º Áõ½Ä¼ÓµµÁõ°¡, ARDS¹× ¼¶À¯ÈÁõ À¯¹ß], TGF-1beta¿Í IL-1beta»çÀÌ¿¡ positive crossTalkÁ¸Àç(»óÈ£°£ Áõ°ÀÚ±Ø)//TGF-1º£Å¸¿Í 1ÇüIFN»çÀÌ¿¡´Â negative crossTalkÁ¸Àç(»óÈ£°£ ¾ïÁ¦ÀÚ±Ø...TGF-1º£Å¸ Áõ°¡½Ã Ç×¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÈ¿°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â 1ÇüIFN-ISGÀº °¨¼ÒÇÏ°í °á±¹ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÁõ½Ä È°¹ßÇØÁü...¿ø·¡ T1-IFNÀº ±× ÀÚü·Î¼ Ç×¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÈ¿°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ÀÎÅÍÆä·ÐÀÚ±ØÀ¯ÀüÀÚISGÀÇ »ý»êÀ» À¯µµÇÏ°í, downsteamÀÎ NFkb, sp1°æ·Î È°¼º ÅëÇØ ÈļÓ/ÀûÀÀ¸é¿ª¼¼Æ÷µéÀ» ÁغñÇÔ)
***but TGFbeta1 surge induces cytokine storm!!(7-10ÀÏ°¿¡ Àü½ÅÅë/°üÀýÅë, ±Ø½ÉÇÑ ÇÇ·Î, ¹ß¿)
***The cytokine storm (hypercytokinemia) is the systemic expression of a healthy and vigorous immune system resulting in the release of more than 150 known inflammatory mediators (cytokines, oxygen free radicals, and coagulation factors).
.......Both pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Interleukin-1, and Interleukin-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin 10 and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist) are elevated in the serum of patients experiencing a cytokine storm.
***COVID19°ü·Ã CSSÀÇ Áø´Ü/¿¹Èĺҷ®ÀÎÀÚ = serum ferritin>500 + high LDH, high CRP, D-dimer and/or INR + pancytopenia(Hb<9, PLT<10¸¸, lymphopenia<1000/neutrophilia) + fever>38.5C, DOE(resp.Over 30/min)
***CSS´Â SARS-CoV-2¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ß±âµÈ °úÀ׿°Áõ¹ÝÀÀÀ¸·Î ±× ±âÀüÀº IL-1β, IL-6, TNF µî proinflammatory cytokinesµéÀÇ »ý»ê°ú´Ù·Î ÀÎÇÔ......ÀÌ¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÑ Ä¡·á¼ö´ÜµéÀº>**Anakinra [interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist] **corticosteroid(dexamethasone) therapy along with tocilizumab(IL-6 blocking) **¿£ºê·¼etanercept(=monoclonal Ab :TNF inhibitors ·¹¹ÌÄÉÀ̵å, È޹̶ó, ½ÉÆ÷´Ï ½ÉÁö¾Æ.. ±×¿Ü¿¡ pentoxifylin, bupropion, prazocin, ¾Æ½ºÅ¸»êÄ£ **ÇÑÆí,¸á¶óÅä´Ñ, °¨ÃÊ, VC´Â Á÷Á¢ COVID19 »ç¸ê À¯µµ,)
:::: (Âü°í) Cytokine Storm - Sino Biological
cytokine storm astaxanthin Mercola
============
[[¾Æ¸£Å׹̽ôÑART]]--*NRF2È°¼ºÃËÁøÁ¦¿¡ ¼ÓÇÔ : ¼¼Æ÷¸·ÀÇ ACE2 ÇÏÇâÁ¶Àý·Î °¨¼Ò À¯µµ(¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÄ§ÀÔ ¹æ¾î)*¼¼Æ÷³» ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÁõ½Ä¾ïÁ¦ *:STING¾ïÁ¦ÅëÇØ Áö¿¬Çü,1ÇüIFN »ý»ê°úÀ× ¾ïÁ¦(»çÀÌÅäÄ«ÀÎÆødz-¼¶À¯È-ARDS µî ÇÕº´Áõ ¹ß»ý¾ïÁ¦), *TLR4¾ïÁ¦((¼¼±Õ°¨¿°,ÆÐÇ÷Áõ¼º¼ï ¹ß»ý¾ïÁ¦) == COVID19Ä¡·á±âÀü
[[NRF2 activatorÀÇ COVID19 ¼¼Æ÷³»Ä§½À, º¹Á¦ ¾ïÁ¦/ų¸µ ¹× ¿°Áõ ÆøÁõ ¾ïÁ¦±âÀü]] ...COVID-19´Â Á¦ÀÏ ¸ÕÀú ü³»/¼¼Æ÷³» NRF2¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÔ(ȯÀÚÀÇ Æó »ý°Ë°üÂû°á°ú NRF2 °æ·Î ¾ïÁ¦ -->¼¼Æ÷¸·ÀÇ ACE2»óÇâÁ¶Àý À¯µµ), ¹Ý´ë·Î NRF2ÀÇ ¾à¸®ÇÐÀû À¯µµÁ¦(NRF2 activator)Åõ¿©´Â SARS-CoV2ÀÇ º¹Á¦¿Í ¿°Áõ ¹ÝÀÀ ÁõÆøÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÔ----±× »ó¼¼±âÀüµéÀº **ACE2ÇÏÇâÁ¶Àý(¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÄ§ÀÔ Â÷´Ü) **1Çü IFN ÇÏÇâÁ¶Àý/¹Ý¸é, ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ß±âµÈ IFNÀ¯ÀüÀÚÀÚ±Øü(STING) ¾ïÁ¦ÅëÇØ Áö¿¬¼º ÀÎÅÍÆä·Ð °ú´ÙºÐºñ ¹× ±×·Î ÀÎÇÑ »çÀÌÅäÄ«ÀÎ °ú´Ù»ý»ê ¾ïÁ¦**HO-1È°¼ºÀ¯µµ(-->ROS»ý¼ºÂ÷´Ü, IRF3»ý¼º-1ÇüIFN»ý¼ºÁõ°¡, ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÀÔÀÚ¼º¼÷Â÷´Ü) **NRF2¸¦ ÀλêȽÃÅ°¸é¼ ER¿¡¼ À¯¸®µÈ PERK¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º º¹Á¦°úÁ¤ ¾ïÁ¦(PERK.[ER¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑProtein KinaseR-À¯»ç kinase]´Â eIF2[À¯ÇÙ¼¼Æ÷°³½ÃÀÎÀÚ]¸¦ ÀλêÈ, ÀÌ p-eIF2°¡ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÁßÇÕÈ¿¼ÒÀü»çÂ÷´Ü, ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÀ¯ÀüÀÚ º¹Á¦ Â÷´Ü. miRNA Â÷´ÜÇÔÀ¸·Î½á)
=====¾×Æ®¿£====½Ç¸®¸¶¸°-Ä¿Å¥¹Î-EGCG-¼³Æ÷¶óÆÇ-ÈæÈÄÃß´Â ¸ðµÎ SIRT1È°¼º+nrf2È°¼ºÁ¦..Ä¿Å¥¹Î°ú ¼³Æ÷¶óÆÇÀº µ¿½Ã¿¡ IFN-1 inducer=NOX2 inhibitorÀ̱⵵ ÇÔ.
[[NRF2activator/Inducer]]..Ç×¾Ï/Ç׳ëÈ/Ç׿°....Ç×¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÈ¿°ú+cytokine strom/ARDS ¾ïÁ¦ + ÆÐÇ÷Áõ/MODS ¾ïÁ¦°¡´É!!
@TGF-ibeta´Â SMAD¿Í Ä¿ÇøµµÇ¾î ÀÛµ¿µÊ(= TGF-1beta-SMAD½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ°è...ÀÌ°ÍÀº TGF-1betaÇ¥ÁØ°æ·ÎÀÓ). --SMAD2,3´Â TGF-ibetaÀÚ±Ø Áõ°¡(¾ç¼ºµÇ¸ÔÀ̱â), SMAD7Àº TGF-ibetaÀÚ±Ø ¾ïÁ¦(À½¼ºµÇ¸ÔÀ̱â)·Î ÀÛ¿ë¹ßÇö.
....TGF-1beta Àüó¸®(³óµµ»ó½Â)==>ROS»ó½Â ¾ß±â//SMAD°æ·Î·Î Á¤»ó»óÇǼ¼Æ÷´Â ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ ¼¶À¯¸ð¼¼Æ÷·Î ÀÌÇàÁõ°¡....¿ªÀ¸·Î, ROSÀÚüµµ TGF-1beta»ó½ÂÀ» À¯µµÇÔ
....[ÇÑÆí, TGF-ibetaÀÇ ºñÇ¥ÁØ°æ·Î :: MAPK/PI3K/AKT°æ·Î È°¼ºµµ ÀÚ±ØÇÏ¿© ºÎ°¡ÀûÀÎ Äݶó°ÕÇü¼º ÃËÁø½ÃÅ´]
...µû¶ó¼, Ç×»êÈÁ¦, NACÅõ¿©, NRF2È°¼º/À¯µµÁ¦(¼³Æ÷¶óÆÇ,EGCG,¹ÐÅ©¾¾½½, Ä¿Å¥¹Î, ÈæÈÄÃß, ºñŸ¹ÎC º¹ÇÕÁ¦ ::: ¾×Æ®¿£)Åõ¿©, ¶Ç´Â ¼¼Æ÷ Ç×»êÈÀÇ Master regulatorÀÎ KEAP1-NRF2°æ·Î È°¼º ÀÚ±ØÇØ ÁÖ¸é... TGF-1beta-SMAD½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ°è È¿°ú(»óÇǼ¼Æ÷ÀÇ Áß°£¿±¼¼Æ÷ÀÎ ¼¶À¯¾Æ¼¼Æ÷·ÎÀÇ º¯È, Áï ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¼¶À¯È¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â profibrotic fibronectin-1°ú Äݶó°Õ 1A1ÀÇ Áõ°¡·Î ÀÎÇÔ)¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â ±âÀü ÅëÇØ TGF-1beta surge È¿°ú°¡ ¾ïÁ¦ --->ARDS/cytokine strom¾ïÁ¦ °¡´É
.....ÇÙ ÀÎÀÚ(ÀûÇ÷±¸ À¯·¡2)À¯»ç2 (NRF2) È°¼º/¶Ç´Â NRF2È°¼ºÁ¦ Åõ¿©½Ã ÇϱâÀÇ ¹°Áú »ý»êÀÚ±ØÀ» À¯µµÇÔ (i) ¼öÆÛ¿Á»çÀÌµå µð½º¹ÂŸÁ¦(SOD)¿Í °°Àº Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ROS¼Ò°ÅÈ¿¼Ò ¹× ±Û·çŸƼ¿Â(GSH) ±Û·çŸġ¿ÂÆÛ¿Á½Ã´ÙÁ¦ (GPx), (ii) Ƽ¿Ã ¹× ±× »ý¼ºÈ¿¼Ò, (iii) Ä£ÀüÀÚ¼º Çص¶È¿¼Ò, (iv) Çð¿Á½Ã°Ô³ªÁ¦-1°ú °°Àº ½ºÆ®·¹½º ¹ÝÀÀ ´Ü¹éÁú, (v) ºÐÀÚ »þÆä·Ð ¹× ÇÁ·ÎÅ×¾ÆÁ» µî...
.... ƯÈ÷ NRF2 È°¼ºÁ¦ Åõ¿©½Ã GSH »ýÇÕ¼ºÈ¿¼ÒÀÎ γ- ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ® ½Ã½ºÅ×ÀÎ ¸®°¡Á¦ (GCL) ¹× GSH ȯ¿øÈ¿¼Ò(GSR)ÀÇ Ã˸Š¹× Á¶Àý ¼ºêÀ¯´ÖÀÇ ¹ßÇö ::::> ÇÁ·Î¸ðÅÍ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ Ç×»êÈ ¹ÝÀÀ¿ä¼Ò(ARE)¸¦ ÅëÇØ È¿¼Ò»ý¼ºÀÌ »óÇâ Á¶ÀýµÊ
..... NRF2 È°¼ºÀº ÁÖ·Î ¼¼Æ÷Áú´Ü¹éÁú ¾ïÁ¦Á¦ Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1 (KEAP1)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¶ÀýµÊ
------Á¤»óÀûÀÎ Á¶°Ç¿¡¼´Â NRF2´Â ¼¼Æ÷ÁúÀÇ KEAP1 ´Ü¹éÁú¿¡ (°áÇÕ) ¹¿©Á® Àֱ⶧¹®¿¡ NRF2 ÇÙÀüÁ°¡ Â÷´ÜµÇ°í ÀÌ¾î¼ ÇÁ·ÎÅ×¾ÆÁ»³»¿¡¼ Cullin3±â¹Ý E3¸®°¡¾ÆÁ¦ÀÇ ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÅëÇØ NRF2ÀÇ ºÐÇØ°¡ ÀϾ -
-----»êÈÁ¶°ÇÇÏ¿¡¼, KEAP1ÀÇ ±¸Á¶Àû º¯È´Â ÀÛÀº MAF ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ ÀÌÁ¾ÀÌ·®Ã¼ Çü¼º ÅëÇØ NRF2°¡ Ç®·Á³ª°í °á±¹ ARE- º¸À¯ À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ Æ®·£½ºÈ°¼ºÈ¸¦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÔ
------ÇÑÆí, BACH1 ¹× ATF3¿Í °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ bZIP ´Ü¹éÁúÀº ARE transactivationÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ¿© NRF2 È°¼ºÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½ .
------¼³Æ÷¶óÆÇ (SFN)°ú °°Àº NRF2 È°¼ºÈ ¼ÒºÐÀÚ(phytochemical)´Â Ç×»êÈ ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ Àß Á¶ÈµÈ »ó½ÂÀ» À¯µµÇϱ⿡ »êȽºÆ®·¹½º°ü·Ã ¼Õ»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸È£ È¿°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¿ .
------((¼¶À¯ ¾Æ¼¼Æ÷·ÎÀÇ TGFβ1 ÀÚ±Ø ½ÅÀå »óÇÇ Àüȯ¿¡¼ KEAP1-NRF2 °æ·ÎÀÇ ¾ïÁ¦ ¿ªÇÒ : SMAD ½ÅÈ£ Àü´Þ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶Àý È¿°ú))Âü°í
============================
***COVID19°¨¿°Àº TLR-4(¿°Áõ¹ÝÀÀ Áõ°)È°¼º ÃËÁø --->TGF-1betaÈ°¼º Áõ°¡ --->±× °á°ú ÆóÁ¶Á÷ÀÇ Æó¼¶À¯È/ARDSÀ» ¾ß±â//¶§¶§·Î ¸é¿ª°è°¡ Á¤»óÀÎ °Ç°Àο¡°Ô¼ ÀϾ´Â TGF-1beta Surge´Â cytokine storm/´ÙÁßÀå±â±â´ÉÀÌ»óÁõÈıº(MODS)¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÏ¿© »ç¸Á¿¡ À̸£°Ô Çϱ⵵ ÇÔ ::: Toll-Like Receptor 4(TLR4) SignalingÀº Transforming Growth Factor-β1(TGF-beta)¹ÝÀÀÀ» Áõ°½ÃÅ´ [±× ¹Ý´ëµµ ¼º¸³...Áï, TGF-1beta ¿Í TLR-4»çÀÌ¿¡´Â ¼ÒÀ§ »óÈ£ ½Åȣȥ¼± À¯µµÇö»óCrossTalk°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÔ(up-reg.¹æÇâ)!!. ...TGF-1beta¿Í type I ÀÎÅÍÆä·Ð(alpha, beta)»çÀÌ¿¡µµ crossTalk°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù(down-reg.¹æÇâ)´Â °ÍÀÌ È®ÀεÊ...ÇÑÆí, type II ÀÎÅÍÆä·Ð(IFN-gamma)´Â TGF-1beta¸¦ °¨¼â½ÃÅ´] ±× °á°ú Á¤»óÀûÀÎ Á¶Á÷ Àç»ýÀ» ³Ñ¾î¼± °úµµÇÑ ¼¶À¯¸ð¼¼Æ÷ »ý¼º Áõ°¡ ¹× ¼¼Æ÷¿Ü±âÁúÀÇ ¼¶À¯È¸¦ Ã˹ß(¿¹=°æÇÇÁõ, Æó¼¶À¯ÈÁõ)ÇÏ¿© Á¶Á÷ÀÇ º´Àû ¼¶À¯È¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÔ... ***ÇÑÆí, TLR4È°¼º»óÅ¿¡¼ TGF-1beta¸¦ Â÷´ÜÇϰųª(¿¹=TGF-1beta surge¹ß»ý ¹× type I IFN, NFkb, sp1¸¦ »ý»ê °¨¼Ò »óŸ¦ ȸº¹½ÃÅ°´Â ¾Æ¸£Å׹̽ôÑÀ̳ª ÇÇÅäÄɹÌÄà µî Åõ¿© ÅëÇØ), ¶Ç´Â TGF-1betaÈ°¼º»óÅ¿¡¼ TLR-4¸¦ Â÷´ÜÇÏ¿´À» ¶§(¿¹=¾Æ¸£Å×¼ö³×ÀÌÆ® Åõ¿©) ±× °á°ú´Â °øÈ÷ ¼¶À¯Èº´º¯ÁøÇà Â÷´Ü/¿ªÀü °á°ú¸¦ º¸ÀÓ.
***bacterial LPS´Â ´ÙÀ½3°¡Áö °æ·Î·Î COX-2 ¹ßÇöÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ´*1)TLR-4Áß°³ NFkb ½ÅÈ£°æ·ÎÀÇ È°¼º, *2)TLR-4Áß°³, EGFRºñÀÇÁ¸¼º JNKÈ°¼ºÈ(±× °á°ú´Â NFkb°æ·Î À½¼ºÁ¶Àý(=È°¼º¾ïÁ¦) *3)TLR-4 ÀÇÁ¸¼º TGF-¾ËÆÄ ºÐºñ(±× °á°úEGFR°ú downstream MAPKs p38 and ERK1/2°æ·Î È°¼ºÈ À¯µµ) , [ÇÑÆí TLR-4´Â posit.crossTalkÀ» ÅëÇØ TGF-1beta°æ·Î¸¦ È°¼ºÈ ÇÔ]
***TLR-4 È°¼ºÀÚ±ØÀº NFkb-IKBalpha º¹ÇÕü Çü¼ºÀ» ÃËÁøÇÏ´Â IKK-beta(IKB kinase)¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦Á¶ÀýÇÏ¿© NFkb-IKKbeta º¹ÇÕü·ÎºÎÅÍ free NFkbÀ¯¸®¸¦ ÃËÁø½ÃÅ°´Â ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿, °á±¹ ¿°Áõ¼º»çÀÌÅäÄ«´Ñ »ý¼ºÀ» ÃËÁø½ÃÅ´ -->¹Ý¸é¿¡, NRF2´Â HO-1»ý¼ºÀ» ÃËÁø, 2°¡Ã¶ºÐ(ferrous ion), ºô¸®·çºó »ý¼ºÇÏ¿© free NFkb°¡ NFkb-IKBalphaº¹ÇÕü·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î ³ª¿À´Â °ÍÀ» Â÷´ÜÇÔÀ¸·Î½á sepsis-MODS ¹ß»ýÀ» ¾ïÁ¦
:::À̰͵éÀÌ NRF2È°¼º/À¯µµÁ¦ÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ ¹ßÇöÇÏ´Â ¹ÙÅÁ±âÀüÀ¸·Î¼, ±× È¿°ú´Â Ç׳ëÈ/Ç×¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º-Ç×CSS/ARDS(TGF-1betaÀÚ±Ø È¿°ú Â÷´Ü ÅëÇÑ °Í), Ç×¾Ï(¾ÏÁٱ⼼Æ÷Â÷´Ü), ±×¿Ü ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ƯÀåÁ¡ÀÎ NFKb À¯¸® Â÷´Ü ÅëÇÑ Ç׿°Áõ-Ç×ÆÐÇ÷Áõ/MODS È¿°úÀÓ
-----------------
[[º´¿ø±Õ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎü¸é¿ª¹ÝÀÀü°è]]
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###Artemisinin(¾à¾¦ÀÇ Ç׸»¶ó¸®¾Æ ¼ººÐ)-leukemia, colonca. inflammBowelDis, Malaria, PMS-ED-prolactinoma
Çѹ濡¼ ¸»¶ó¸®¾Æ Ä¡·á¿¡ ¿À·¡ÀüºÎÅÍ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î ¿Ô´ø ¾à¾¦¿¡¼ ÃßÃâÇÑ ¼ººÐÀÎ ArtemisininÀÌ Ã¶ºÐ°ú ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ¿© À¯µ¶ÇÑ È°¼º À¯¸®±â¸¦ »ý¼º, ÀÌ À¯¸®±â°¡ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¸¦ Æı«½ÃÅ°´Â È¿°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù. ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷´Â »¡¸® Áõ½ÄÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ DNAº¹Á¦¸¦ À§ÇØ Á¤»ó ¼¼Æ÷º¸´Ù öºÐÀ» ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ArtemisininÀÌ Á¤»ó ¼¼Æ÷¿¡´Â ±×´ÙÁö Å« ¿µÇâÀÌ ¾øÁö¸¸ öºÐÀ» ´ë·®À¸·Î ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡´Â ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷»ç¸ê°ú °°Àº µ¶¼ºÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ LAI¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È®ÀεǾú´Ù. ¹éÇ÷º´¼¼Æ÷³»¿¡´Â Á¤»ó¼¼Æ÷º¸´Ù öºÐÀÌ 1000¹è °¡·® ³ô´Ù. ¾ÕÀ¸·Î Artemisinin¿¡ Transferrin°ú °°Àº Ç÷¾×³» öºÐ ÈíÂø ´Ü¹éÁúÀ» ºÎÂø½ÃÅ°´Â µîÀÇ Á¶ÀÛÀ» °ÅÃļ öºÐÀ» ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡ °ø¿©ÇÏ´Â TransferrinÀÌ Artemisinin°ú »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ Æı« È¿°ú¸¦ ÁõÆø À¯¹ß½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ƯÈ÷ high dose vit.C IV, UBI ¹× H2O2¿ä¹ý(=HOT)°ú ÇÔ²² »ç¿ë½Ã ƯÈ÷ Ç×¾ÏÀÛ¿ëÀÌ Å¹¿ùÇÏ°Ô ³ªÅ¸³²ÀÌ ÀÔÁõµÇ¾ú´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¤»ó ¸é¿ª ¼¼Æ÷¿Í ¹éÇ÷º´ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ “TransferrinºÎÂø Artemisinin"À» Åõ¿©ÇÑ °á°ú ¹éÇ÷º´ ¼¼Æ÷°¡ Æı«µÇ´Â ¹Ý¸é Á¤»ó ¼¼Æ÷´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ÀÛ¿ëÀ» º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. Áï, ArtemisininÀÌ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ¿ÇÏ´Â Á¤»ó ¼¼Æ÷¿¡´Â ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼µµ ±×¿Í ´Þ¸® Áõ½Ä¼Óµµ°¡ ºü¸¥ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡´Â 100¹è³ª ´õ ¼±ÅÃÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í À̵éÀº º¸°íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡¼ °³¹ß ÁßÀÎ »õ·Î¿î Artemisinin À¯µµÃ¼´Â ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ Æı«´É·ÂÀÌ 34,000¹è ´õ °·ÂÇÏ°Ô ÀÛ¿ëÇϹǷΠ¾ÕÀ¸·Î Artemisinin À¯µµÃ¼ °³¹ß·Î ±× ÀÛ¿ë·ÂÀ» ȹ±âÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ´ë½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î Àü¸ÁÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ´Ü°è´Â µ¿¹°½ÇÇè°ú ÀÎü ½ÇÇèÀÌ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù (ÀÚ·á: Life Sciences, January 28, 2005.)
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ArtemisininÀº ¿À·§µ¿¾È Ç׸»¶ó¸®¾ÆÁ¦·Î ¾²¿© ¿À´ø ¾àÃÊÀÎ Artemisia annua "sweet wormwood,” ÀÇ ÁÖ È¿°ú¹°ÁúÀÌ´Ù.,
Artemisinin°ú µÎ Á¾·ùÀÇ À¯µµÃ¼µéÀÎ artemether ¿Í sodium artesunate´Â 1970³â´ë¿¡ °³¹ßµÇ¾ú´Ù., Áß±¹¿¡¼´Â 1979³â¿¡ P. viva and P. falciparum, ArtemisininȯÀÚµéÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ȯÀÚµéÀ» Ä¡·áÇÏ´Â Äè°Å¸¦ ¿Ã·È´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ ArtemisininÀº °ÅÀÇ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ¾ø¾ú°í, ³ú¸»¶ó¸®¾Æ¿¡µµ È¿°úÀûÀÌ´Ù. ȯÀÚµéÀº 72½Ã°£³»¿¡ ü¿ÂÀÌ Á¤»óȵǾú°í asexual parasitesµéµµ 72 hours³»¿¡ Á¦°ÅµÇ¾úÁö¸¸ Àç¹ßÀ²Àº 21%¿´´Ù..
º£Æ®³²ÀÇ 1-15¼¼ ¾Æµ¿À» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î, °æ±¸quinine°ú ºñ±³ÇÑ ÀÓ»ó½ÇÇè¿¡¼µµ ¿ª½Ã À¯»çÇÑ ¼ºÀûÀ» º¸¿´´Ù.
ArtemisininÀº °è¼Ó º£Æ®³²°ú Áß±¹¿¡¼ ¹é¸¸¸íÀÌ»óÀÇ È¯ÀÚµéÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÀÓ»ó½ÇÇèÀ» Áö¼ÓÇÑ °á°ú, ¾àÁ¦³»¼º¸»¶ó¸®¾Æ¿¡ ¸Å¿ì µµ¿òµÊÀÌ È®ÀεǾù´Ù.
ÀûÀýÇÑ ¿ë·®Àº Ãʱ⿡´Â optimum total dosage of 3 grams (about 50 mg/kg) over a 3 to 5 day periodÀ¸·Î 2ÀÏ À̳»¿¡ÇØ¿ÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í, ÁÖ»çÁ¦º¸´Ù °æ±¸Á¦°¡ Àç¹ßÀÌ ´õ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. Àç¹ßÇÑ °æ¿ì´Â ´Ù½Ã Åõ¿©Çϰųª ´Ù¸¥ ¾àÁ¦¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù.
12³â¿©Àü, Dr. Leo Galland and Dr. Herman Bueno´Â broad spectrum antiparasitic agent·Î¼ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× °á°ú·Î¼ "ArtemisininÀº °·ÂÇÑ »êÈÁ¦·Î¼ °æ±¸Åõ¿©½Ã ClostridiumÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ SIBO¸¦ Ä¡·áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í µ¿½Ã¿¡ berberine, grapefruit seed extract and oregano oil°ú °°Àº HerbÁ¦Á¦¿Í ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇϸé Àå³»±â»ýÃæÄ¡·áÁ¦·Î¼µµ È¿°ú°¡ ÁÁ´Ù ”°í Leo Galland, MD.´Â º¸°íÇÏ¿´´Ù
ÃÖ±Ù µé¾î ¹Ì±¹À» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶óµé¿¡¼´Â ¸»¶ó¸®¾ÆÀÇ Ã¹¹ø° Ä¡·áÁ¦·Î ¼±È£ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Áö³10³âµ¿¾È¿¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ Çãºêµé°ú ÇÔ²² ¾ÏÄ¡·á(ƯÈ÷ ´Üµ¶À¸·Îµµ À¯¹æ¾Ï Ä¡·á¿Í ¿¹¹æ¿¡ Ź¿ùÇÔÀÌ ÀÔÁõµÊ-Ç×¾ÏÈ¿°ú+È£¸£¸óÁ¶ÀýÈ¿°ú, ´Ù¸¥ ÇãºêÁ¦µé°ú ÇÔ²² 300mg BiD·Î »ç¿ë, ´Üµ¶ »ç¿ë½Ã´Â 500mg BiD), ¸ö¿¡¼ ±«»ç¹°Á¦°Å(¿¹ : â»óÁ¦°Å, ±Ë¾ç¼º´ëÀå¿°, Å©·Ð¾¾º´)¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù.
"¾à¾¦ ÀÚü°¡ PMS-cramping-excessive bleeding and all symptoms of hyper-estrogenemia(ED) and hyperprolactinemia(prolactinoma)ÀÇ Ä¡·á¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ÁÁ´Ù .” °í Dr. Hoang, MD´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
***ArtemisininÀÇ »ê¼Ò¸Å°³¼º Ç׾ϵ¶¼ºÀÛ¿ë :
1.±× ÀÚü¿¡ peroxide±×·ìÀ» °¡Áö°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì È°¼º»ê¼Ò¸¦ ºÐÀÚ³»¿¡ ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú ´Ù¸§¾ø´Ù.
2. ArtemisininÀÇ »ê¼Ò¸Å°³¼ºµ¶¼ºÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Áõ°Å : ½ÇÇè½Ç»ó¿¡¼ P. falciparum¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç׸»¶ó¸®¾ÆÈ¿°ú´Â »ê¼ÒºÐ¾ÐÀÌ ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï °ÈµÇ´Âµ¥ È°¼º»ê¼ÒÈ¿°ú¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ ±× ¾àÈ¿¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â miconazole and doxorubicinµéÀº artemisinin ´ë»ç¹°ÀÎ artesunateÈ°¼ºÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°¸ç, artemisininÀÇ È¿°ú´Â catalase, dithiothreitol and alpha tocopherolÀ» Åõ¿©½Ã ÀúÇϵÊÀ» ÅëÇØ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. --- ºñŸ¹ÎE °áÇÌÀº P. yoelii¿¡ ´ëÇÑ artemisininÀÇ Ç׸»¶ó¸®¾ÆÈ¿°ú¸¦ Áõ°½ÃÅ°Áö¸¸ ¼¿·¹´½°áÇÌ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
3. ArtemisininÀº oxygen and carbon based free radical mechanismsÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÛ¿ëÇÔÀÌ ÀÔÁõµÇ¾ú´Ù.. --- ±× ±¸Á¶³»¿¡ endoperoxide bridge¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù., Peroxides´Â unbound ferrous iron¿¡ ³ëÃâµÉ ¶§ Fenton type reactionÀ¸·Î À¯¸®»ê¼Ò±â¸¦ »ý»êÇس½´Ù. RBC³»¿¡¼ ÀÚ¶ó´Â ¸»¶ó¸®¾Æ´Â öºÐÀ» °ú´Ùº¸À¯ÇÒ ±âȸ°¡ ¸¹´Ù. Electron microscopy»óÀ¸·Î º¸¸é plasmodium membranesÀÇ Æı«´Â ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ free radical mechanisms¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
***ART(artemisinin)´Â ÇöÀç °íÇüÁ¾¾ç, ƯÈ÷ À¯¹æ¾Ï, ³¼Ò¾Ï, Àü¸³¼±¾Ï, ÃéÀå¾Ï, °áÀåÁ÷Àå¾Ï ¹× ¹éÇ÷º´ ¶Ç´Â Æó¾Ï ¹× ±âŸ ¾Ï¿¡¼ º¸Á¶Ä¡·áÁ¦·Î ÀÌ¹Ì ¾²ÀÌ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡ ¾ÏÄ¡·á¿µ¿ªÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ´ë¾ÈÀû º¸Á¶Á¦ÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÏ°Ô µÉ °Í.......ÀڱðæºÎ ¹× Ç×¹®»óÇdz» Á¾¾çÀÇ °æ¿ì Á¾¾çÅ©±â¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Å©±â¸¦ ÀÛ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ÅðÇàÈ¿°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¹Ç·Î Á÷ÈÄ¿¡ °í·ÁÁßÀΠħ½ÀÄ¡·áÁß¿¡¼ ÈξÀ ´ú ħ½ÀÀûÀÎ Ä¡·á ¼ö´ÜÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âȸ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖÀ½ ...artesunate¿Í dihydroartemisinin(DHT)ÀÇ Æ¯ÀÌÇÑ ÈÇа¨ÀÛÈ¿°ú´Â ARTÀÚü¸¦ ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ÈÇÐ ¿ä¹ý°ú º´¿ëÇÏ¿© Ãß°¡ ¿ä¹ýÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇصµ È¿°úÀûÀÏ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ½Ã»çÇÔ.
***[[ƯÈ÷ ÃéÀå¾Ï¿¡¼ ÀÛ¿ë±âÀü]]..1)))DHA Åõ¿©½Ã miR-34a-5p ¹× miR-30c-5p¸¦ »óÇâ Á¶ÀýÇÏ°í MEK1 mRNA ¹ßÇö ¹× ´Ü¹éÁú ¼öÁØÀ» ÇÏÇâ Á¶Àý _____ miR-195-5pÀÇ À¯µµ Áõ°¡´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¾Ï¿¡¼ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» Çϸç Áõ½Ä°ú ÀüÀ̸¦ ÃËÁøÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» °¡Áø CDC42 ¹ßÇöÀ» ÇÏÇâ Á¶ÀýÇϴµ¥, DHTÅõ¿©·Î ÀÌ È¿°ú¸¦ ¾ò°Ô µÇ¸ç À̷νá ÃéÀå¾ÏÀÇ Áõ½ÄÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ°í ÀüÀ̸¦ ¾ïÁ¦_____DHA¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Rac1 ¹ßÇöÀÇ miR-30c-5p ¸Å°³ ÇÏÇâ Á¶ÀýÀº DHA°¡ ¾Ï ¼¼Æ÷ Áõ½Ä, »ýÁ¸·Â ¹× À̵¿À» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ »õ·Î¿î ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò ...2)))DHA ó¸®ÇßÀ» ¶§ ÃÑ NF-κB ¼öÁØÀÌ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ DHA 󸮰¡ ¿ë·® ÀÇÁ¸Àû ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÇÙ NF-κB ¼öÁØÀ» ÇÏÇâ Á¶ÀýÇßÀ½ ____DHA´Â NF-κB°¡ ÇÙÀ¸·Î Àü´ÞµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇÏ°í NF-κB ÇÏ·ùÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ »ê¹°À» ÇÏÇâ Á¶ÀýÇÏ¿© ¼¼Æ÷ »ç¸êÀ» ÃËÁøÇÏ°í ¼ºÀåÀ» ¾ïÁ¦Çϸç Ç÷°ü ½Å»ýÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ°í ÃéÀå¾Ï ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ ÈÇÐ ¿ä¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Î°¨¼ºÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ´. ÇÑÆí, DHA°¡ NF-κB°¡ ÇÙÀ¸·Î À̵¿ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇÏ´Â ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀº IKKα mRNA ¹ßÇöÀ» ÇÏÇâ Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â miR-195-5p¸¦ »óÇâ Á¶Àý ÅëÇØ ³ªÅ¸³²..(**IKK´Â À¯ºñÄûÆ¾È ÀÇÁ¸Àû ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î IκB¸¦ ÀλêÈÇÏ°í ºÐÇØÇÔÀ¸·Î½á RelA (P65) ¹× NF-κB1 (P50) ÀÌÇÕüÀÇ ÀüÁ¸¦ ¹æÁöÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» ¼öÇàÇϴµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ³»Àμº ¾ïÁ¦Á¦ IκB¿ÍÀÇ »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÅëÇØ ºñÈ°¼º »óÅ·Π¼¼Æ÷Áú¿¡ °Ý¸®µÇ¾î ÀÖ°Ô µÊ). [ 34 , 35]. ÀÌ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀº ÃéÀå¾Ï ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ NF-κBÀÇ DNA °áÇÕ È°¼ºÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â DHAÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» ¼³¸í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¾Ï¼¼Æ÷µéÀº ´ë°³ ¼¼Æ÷³»¿¡ öºÐ ³óµµ°¡ ³ô´Ù´Âµ¥¿¡ Âø¾ÈÇÏ¿© Henry Lai and Narenda Singh ( the University of Washington)µéÀº ½ÇÇè½Ç¿¡¼ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ artemisininÀÌ¿ë¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÇ¾ú°í µåµð¾î Ç×¾ÏÈ¿°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁöÆòÀÌ ¿·ÁÁö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡ °üÇÑ °øÅëÀûÀÎ ´Ù¸¥ Áö½ÄµéÀÌ ´õÇØÁ³°í, »ýü³»¿¡¼ artemisinin¿¡ µè´Â ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷±ºÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö¸¦ ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú°í, ³ª¾Æ°¡ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷µéÀº Á¤»ó¼¼Æ÷º¸´Ù transferren receptors ¸¦ ÅëÇÑ iron fluxes°¡ ¸Å¿ì ³ô°í, ¾ÏÀº »ê¼Ò¶óµðÄ®¿¡ Ãë¾àÇÔÀÌ È®ÀεǾú´Ù. 2001³â, Singh and Lai´Â Life Science Áö¿¡ on the selective toxicity of artemisinin and holotransferrin towards human breast cancer cells¶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀ¸·Î ±â°íÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·áÀúÇ×¼ºÀ¯¹æ¾Ï¿¡ holotransferrinÀ» ÁÖ¾î ironÀ» °ø±ÞÇÑ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡ artemisininÀ» ÁÖ°í8½Ã°£ µ¿¾È incubation½ÃÄ×À» ¶§ ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°íµµ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ »ç¸êÀÌ ÀϾÁö¸¸ Á¤»ó¼¼Æ÷´Â Å« º¯È°¡ ¾ø¾úÀ½À» º¸°íÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ArtemisininÀº ferrous ironÁ¸ÀçÇÏ¿¡ ¼¼Æ÷µ¶¼ºÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼´Â Á¤»ó¼¼Æ÷¿Í ´Þ¸® iron influx°¡ ¸Å¿ì ³ô±â ¶§¹®¿¡, artemisinin and its analogs´Â ¼±ÅÃÀûÀ¸·Î »ýü³»¿¡¼ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¸¦ Á×ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ ÀÎü´Â öºÐÀ̵¿¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â ´Ü¹éÁúµéÀ» °è¼Ó °ø±ÞÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ holotransferrinÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù.
Efferth et alÀº 2001³â Oncology¿¡ antimalarial artesunate°¡ ¶ÇÇÑ Ç×¾ÏÁ¦³»¼ºÀÎ ¾Ï¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×¾ÏÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» º¸°íÇß´Ù.
Artesunate (ART)Àº is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisininÀÇ ¹ÝÇÕ¼ºÀ¯µµÃ¼·Î Àû¾îµµ 55Á¾·ùÀÇ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×ÇÔ·ÂÀÌ ÀÖÀ½ÀÌ È®ÀεǾú´Ù. ±×Áß °¡Àå È¿°úÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ¹éÇ÷º´°ú ´ëÀå¾ÏÀÌ´Ù. ºñ¼Ò¼¼Æ÷Æó¾ÏÀÌ °¡ÀåÈ¿°ú°¡ Àû°í, Áß°£¿¡ ÇØ´çµÇ´Â °Íµé¿¡´Â melanomas, breast, ovarian, prostate, CNS, and renal cancerµîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ART°¡ Ç׾ϾàÁ¦¸¸Å ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷µ¶¼ºÀÌ °ÇÏ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. doxorubicin, vincristine, methotrexate, or hydroxyureaµîÀÇ ¾àÁ¦¿¡ ³»¼ºÀÎ ¹éÇ÷º´¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼Á¶Â÷ ART³»¼ºÀº ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×ÇÕ´çÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯·Î¼ ART¿¡´Â ±× ±¸Á¶³»¿¡ 3Â÷¾Æ¹Î±â°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®À¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
###Cancer Cells Are Deficient in Antioxidant Enzymes
***¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡ °á¿©µÈ Ç×»êÈÈ¿¼ÒµéÀÇ Á¾·ù --- º¸ÅëÀÇ ÈÇпä¹ýÁ¦µéÀº superoxide generators·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿© À̵éÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Ç×¾ÏÈ¿°ú¸¦ ¾ò¾î³½´Ù. 1. ¹ÌÅäÄܵ帮¾Æ ³»ÀÇ Mn-SOD, ¼¼Æ÷Áú³»ÀÇ Zn, Cu-SOD 2. (H2O2ºÐÇØ ¼Ò°Å¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â) catalase and glutathione peroxidase, 16
*** Ç×¾ÏÈ¿°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â »êÈÁ¦·Î¼ÀÇ H2O2³ª Superoxide°¡ °ü°èµÈ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ ºÐ¿ÁÖ±â´Â reproductive Phase·Î¼, ƯÈ÷ ¼¼Æ÷³»·ÎÀÇ ³ôÀº iron fluxes°¡ ±× Ư¡Àε¥, Á¤»ó¼¼Æ÷¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷³ª º¯ÇüµÈ ¼¼Æ÷³»¿¡´Â Catalse°¡ ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÌ ¶§ influxed ironÀÇ »êÈ°¡ ÀϾ ¹ö¸®°Ô µÇ¸é unbound ironÀÌ Áõ°¡µÇ¾î ¼¼Æ÷ºÐ¿¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëµÉ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø°Ô µÇ´Â Àϸí, »êÈÁ¦ Ãë¾à¼ºÀÌ ±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³²À¸·Î½á ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷°¡ »ç¸êµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â H2O2¿ä¹ýÀ̳ª high dose Vit.C IV ¿ä¹ý ¶§¿¡µµ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù.
***Dr. Hugh RiordanÀº "Killer Concentration"¿¡ À̸£´Â very high doses of IV vitamin C¸¦ Åõ¿©ÇßÀ» ¶§, ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¸ÔÀÌÀÎ Glucose uptake¸¦ competitive inhibitionÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÀÏ´Ü ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷³»·Î Èí¼öµÈ ºñŸ¹ÎC´Â H2O2·Î º¯È¯µÇ¾î Catalase°¡ ¾ø´Â ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡ Killer·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿© Ç×¾ÏÈ¿°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °Í °°´Ù°í º¸°íÇÏ¿´°í ÀÌ´Â º¸¿ÏÀÇÇп¡¼ very high doses of IV vitamin CÀÇ Ç×¾ÏÈ¿°ú¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¶ÇÇϳªÀÇ ±Ù°Å°¡ µÈ´Ù.
***ArtemisininÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¸Å¿ì È¿°úÀûÀ̸鼵µ °¡Àå ½¬¿î Ç׾Ͽä¹ýÁ¦·Î¼ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡ a knockout oxidative stress¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
ArtemisininÀº °æ±¸ Åõ¿©½Ã Ç׸»¶ó¸®¾ÆÈ¿°ú¿¡ ´ëÇØ pharmacodynamics, dosage ¹× toxicity °¡ Àß ¿¬±¸µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ArtemisininÀº ¸Å¿ì ¾ÈÀü¿µ¿ªÀÌ ³Ð¾î¼ ©Àº ±â°£ »ç¿ë½Ã´Â 70 mg/kg per dayÀÇ ¸Å¿ì ³ôÀº ¿ë·®¿¡¼µµ °ÅÀÇ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ¾ø´Â »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÈÀüÇÑ Á¦Á¦ÀÌ´Ù.
Artemisinin¿¡´Â µÎ°¡Áösemisynthetic derivatives°¡ Àִµ¥, ArtesunateÀº ¼ö¿ë¼ºÀ¸·Î¼ »ó¿ë·®¿¡¼´Â µ¶¼ºÀÌ ¾øÁö¸¸ Ç÷Á߹ݰ¨±â°¡ ³Ê¹« ªÀº ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Artemether´Â Áö¿ë¼ºÀ¸·Î¼ ³ú¸»¶ó¸®¾Æ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Âµ¥, BBB¸¦ Åë°úÇϹǷΠ³ú¾Ï¿¡ ƯÈ÷ È¿°úÀûÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ½ÇÇè½Ç»ó¿¡¼ »ó´ëÀû °í¿ë·®À» Åõ¿© ÇßÀ» ¶§ ½Å°æ µ¶¼ºÀÌ ¾ß±âµÊÀÌ º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù. ArtemisininÀº ¹Ý°¨±âµµ µÎ°¡Áö »çÀÌÀÇ Áß°£Á¤µµÀÌ°í, BBBµµ Åë°úÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À§ÀÇ µÎ°¡Áö ¹ÝÇÕ¼ºÀ¯µµÃ¼µéÀº ¹Ì±¹¿Ü¿¡¼ °æ±¸¿ë ¹× ÁÖ»çÁ¦·Î¼ ½ÃÆǵǰí ÀÖ´Ù.
***À§¿¡ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ´ë·Î As mentioned, Lai´Â ArtemisinÀ» Åõ¿©ÇßÀ» ¶§ ü³»È°¼ºÇü´ë»ç¹°ÀÎ dihydroartemisinÀÇ »êÈÁ¦ Ư¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¹Î°¨µµ¸¦ ´õ¿í °ÈÇϱâ À§ÇØ iron-loaded transferrinÀÎ holotransferrinÀ» ¸¸µé¾î »ç¿ëÇߴµ¥, »ç¶÷ ¹éÇ÷º´¼¼Æ÷¹è¾ç¹°ÀÎ Molt-4-lymphblastoid cells, and normal human lymphocytes¸¦ ½ÇÇè´ë»óÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. ±× °á°ú artemisin¸¸À¸·Îµµ À¯ÀÇÇÏ°Ô(p<.035.) ¸ðµç ¼¼Æ÷¶óÀο¡¼ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ °¨¼ÒÇß°í, transferrin°ú dihydroartemisin À» µ¿½Ã¿¡ Åõ¿©ÇÑ °æ¿ì ±× È¿°ú´Â ´õ¿í ÄÇ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ½ÇÇè½Ç °á°ú º¸´Ù »ýü³»Åõ¿© ÇÒ °æ¿ì ÈξÀ ÀûÀº ¿ë·®¿¡¼µµ È¿°ú´Â À¯ÁöµÇ¸®¶ó°í ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ¿´´Ù. Lai´Â ƯÈ÷ aggressive cancersÀÇ Ä¡·á¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷Ç¥¸é¿¡ transferrin receptors°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ³ëÃâµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº ±ØÈ÷ È¿°úÀûÀÏ °ÍÀ¸·Î Á¦½ÃÇÏ¿´°í, transferrin receptors°¡ internalizationµÇ´Â T cell leukemiasµîÀº Àß ¾ÈµéÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹ÃøÇÏ¿´´Ù.,12
###Case reports
1. 47¼¼ ³²ÀÚ, µÎºÎ¿ìÃøºÎ È®ÁøµÈ ºñÈ£ÁöŲ¼ºÀÓÆÄÁ¾ - artesunate 60mg ±ÙÁÖ 14ÀÏ°£ ½ÃÇà, °í´Ü¹é-°í¾ßä½Ä´Ü ½ÃÇà - 6°³¿ù ÈÄ ¿ÏÄ¡. Patient D.A. a 47 year-old mechanic who presented with a 4.5 cm. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma on the right side of his head, with gaping incision from a recent biopsy, and tremendous inflammatory erythema. Artesunate, 60mg was administered IM 14 consecutive days and he switched diets to high protein/vegetable (Kelley parasympathetic type diet). At the end of two weeks, a depression appeared at the apex of the tumor. Four weeks later, the mass was completely gone, skull surface smooth, incision totally healed and erythema virtually cleared. Apparantly cancer-free as of this writing 6 months later.
2. 83¼¼ ¿©ÀÚ, ºñ¼Ò¼¼Æ÷¼º Æó¾Ï(¿ìÇÏ¿±) -½ÉºÎÀüÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀýÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ½. artemisinin 500mg ÇÏ·ç2ȸ, ´õºÒ¾î¼ ³×ºæ¶óÀÌÁ®¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÇÏ·ç 2¹ø5CC¾¿ carnivora °æ±¸Åõ¿© --->4°³¿ù ÈÄ ¿ÏÄ¡ ÆÇÁ¤.. Patient V.M. an 83 year old Toronto resident. Healthy most of her life, she now had a non-small cell lung carcinoma in the right lower lobe, considered non-resectable because of heart failure and circulatory problems. She received Artemisinin 500mg BID from Allergy Research Group and Carnivora oral, via nebulizer, 5cc BID. In 4 months the tumor shrunk to 1x2 cm and her oncologist felt this represented scar tissue and declared her cancer free. (Her heart condition improved considerably with CoQ10, 600mg daily).
3. 47¼¼ ¾Ë¶ó½ºÄ« °ÅÁÖ¿©ÀÚ, À¯¹æ¾Ï4±â-1¹øÈäÃß ÀüÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÅëÁõ ½É°¢, Àν¶¸°°È¿ä¹ý+°í¿ë·®ºñŸ¹ÎC¿ä¹ý, º¸ÃæÁ¦, dendritic cell vaccine, °í´Ü¹é/°í¾ßä½Ä´Ü, µ¶¼ÒÁ¦°ÅÄ¡·á --->4°³¿ù ÈÄ ÅëÁõ ¼Ò½Ç-->artesunate IV + °æ±¸ artemisinin 300mgÇÏ·ç2ȸ 6°³¿ù ÈÄ ¿ÏÄ¡. Patient D.E., a 47 year-old Alaska resident with stage 4 breast cancer and metastases to T1 with significant pain, vertebral collapse and local neurological impairment. First seen May 2001, she received a series of IPT (insulin potentiation therapy-low dose chemotherapy), high dose vitamin C infusions, supplements, and dendritic cell vaccine, dietary management (Kelly sympathetic type diet), and detoxification strategies. Most symptoms had cleared within 4 months (October 2001). In January 2002, she received artesunate IV (source: mainland China), plus oral artemisinin 300 mg BID (ARG and Wellcare Pharma) which has been continued. Six months later she was happy to report she has no symptoms whatsoever and is living a normal life. Her local provider believes the regressed mass is now scar tissue.
4. 81¼¼ Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ³²ÀÚ, ´Ù¹ß¼º ÇǺξÏ-4ȸ Àç¹ß, ±¹¼Òartemisinin ¿ä¹ý(DMSO+artemisinin1ĸ½¶) ÇÏ·ç 2ȸ ½ÃÇà 5ÀÏ Áö³ª¼ Á¦ÀÏ Å« º´º¯ Å»¶ô¼Ò½Ç, ³ª¸ÓÁöµéµµ À§ÃàµÇ¾î »ç±×·¯Áü Patient F.A., an 81 year-old Californian with multiple skin cancers including one active recurrent quarter-sized lesion that had been burned 4 times previously. Topical artemisinin (one capsule ARG artemisinin in 50% DMSO) applied twice daily caused the large lesion to fall off within 5 days and other smaller skin cancers to regress. His wife reported the same with her skin cancers.
5. 40¼¼¿©ÀÚ, À¯¹æ¾Ï ÈäÃßôÃßÀüÀÌ, ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á¹Þ°í¼ ÀÇ·ÚµÊ, artemisinin-diet-Á¦µ¶Ä¡·á-Kelly type proteolytic enzymes À» µ¿½Ã¿¡ ½ÃÀÛ, 2ÁÖ°¿¡ ÅëÁõ ¼Ò½Ç -->4°³¿ù°¿¡ ÀüÀ̺´¼Ò ¼Ò½ÇµÇ°í ¿ÏÄ¡. L.L. is a West Coast woman in her 40's with breast cancer and extremely painful metasteses all over her spine. She had received limited radiation therapy to reduce the pain in the thoracic spine prior to consulting me. She began artemisinin, and a variety of complementary strategies, including diet, detoxification and Kelly type proteolytic enzymes (from Allergy Research Group). Immediately, her energy exploded. Her pain level took a dive when she received treatment from an Edgar Cayce Foundation healer. Her comment after two weeks on artemisinin was "Last week I thought I was dying, and today for the first time in months, I believe I am going to live." Four months into therapy using oral supplements alone (no IV therapy), diet and detoxification strategies, a PET scan, the most efficient and sensitive study for spread of cancer, did not show any activity anywhere in her spine, even in places that were present before and not radiated! Further, the scan did not confirm definite cancer activity anywhere else!
¸ðµç ȯÀÚ´Â Á¶½ÄÀü, ¼®½ÄÀü °øº¹¿¡ artemisininÀ» º¹¿ë, ´õºÒ¾î¼ CLA and/or W3 º¸ÃæÁ¦ ¹× À¯±â³óÀ¯Á¦Ç°À» º¹¿ëÇÔ, À§³»¿¡ öºÐÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ artemisininÀ» ¾²°Ô µÇ¸é ±× Ä¡·áÈ¿°ú°¡ ¶³¾îÁü..All patients who took oral artemisinin did so in the morning and evening on an empty stomach with either conjugated linoleic acid and/or omega 3 supplements and/or some full fat cultured organic dairy product to enhance absorption. Simultaneous iron in the stomach might neutralize its effectiveness.
###Conclusion
ArtemisininÀº 30³â°£ º£Æ®³²°ú Áß±¹¿¡¼ ¾ÏÄ¡·áÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¿Ô°í ±× È¿°ú´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ÀÔÁõµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
artemisininÀÇ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ Ç×¾ÏÈ¿°ú´Â ºñŸ¹ÎC°í¿ë·®Á¤ÁÖ¿ä¹ý°ú ¸ÅÀ¯ À¯»çÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì Èï¹ÌÀÖ´Â ÀÏÀÌ´Ù.
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Correspondence:
Robert Jay Rowen, MD
95 Montgomery Dr., Suite 220 Santa Rosa, California 95472 USA
Email: drrowen@sonic.net
Web site: www.doctorrowen.com
###References
@@@Artemisinin (Wormwood) - From Malaria To Cancer
Many marvels of modern medicine are discovered by accident. Some of these include: -
1. The discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming.
2. The use of saw palmetto to prevent benign prostate enlargement.
3. Digoxin to enhance cardiac function. 4. Gingko to reduce vascular viscosity and increase blood flow.
Recently, another ancient herb called artemisinin was discovered. History documentation showed that it was used to treat intestinal parasitic infections, hemorrhoids (its an anti-inflammatory) and malaria as early as 2000 years ago.
##THE USE FOR MALARIA
This treatment for malaria was, however, lost over time. It was only rediscovered in an archeological dig in the 1970s where its medicinal use was found in a recipe inside a tomb. The formula was dated back to 168 B.C. where the Chinese chemist isolated the primary active ingredient from the leafy portion of plant called A. annua L.
In 1972, scientists in the West called this crystalline compound "qinghaosu" or "artemisinin". Since then, studies in China and Vietnam have confirmed that artemisinin is a highly effective compound with close to 100 percent response rate for treating malaria. It has the ability to destroy the malaria parasite by releasing high doses of free radicals that attack the cell membrane of the parasite in the presence of high iron concentration. In fact, over one million malaria patients have been cured via this method. Their symptoms also subsided in a matter of days.
However, the treatment using this herb to treat malaria is not approved for use in the U.S.A due to the concern that it has a 21 percent recrudescent rate. Scientists believe that this is more likely due to patients not taking the compound for a long period. Many of them actually stop taking it as soon as their symptoms subside.
Artemisinin comes in a few derivatives, including the oil soluble artemether, which has been found to induce neurotoxic symptoms in animals in high dose (but not reported in humans). For those who are technically inclined, the activities of all artemisinin derivatives are dependent on their internal endoperoxide bridge. It is therefore a close relative of hydrogen peroxide therapy. While the exact mechanism is still under intense research, it has been shown that this herb works via highly reactive oxygen-based free radicals that becomes activated in the presence of iron. Iron is an oxidant, and our body tries to protect us from excessive iron moving it to a binded state such as hemoglobin and enzymes. The malaria parasite accumulates iron by infecting iron-rich red blood cell. Excessive iron that is spilled onto the surrounding tissues will activate the artemisinin to generate a burst of free radicals that attack the iron rich cells, killing the parasite in the process.
In other words, this compound works well in an iron rich environment (remember that malaria lives in the red blood cell rich in iron) through the release of free radicals that serve to damage the malaria organism. It is also interesting to note that drugs known to work by enhancing oxygen radical effects such as doxorubicin can enhance the effects of artemisinin.
For malaria, there is no resistance nor toxicity at the dosage of 3 grams, (about 50mg/kg) administered over a 3 to 5 day period. It is especially useful in the treatment of drug resistant malaria.
Outside of the United States, artemisinin is the number one natural herb used for malaria treatment.
##THE USE FOR CANCER
So far, the most extensive study on the use of Artemisinin as an anti-cancer agent was carried out by bioengineering scientists Drs Narenda Singh and Henry Lai of the University of Washington. This study was reported in the Journal Life Science (70 (2001): 49-56).
Iron is required for cell division, and it is well known that many cancer cell types selectively accumulate iron for this purpose. Most cancers have large number of iron attracting transferring receptors on their cell surface compared to normal cells. In laboratory studies of radiation, resistant breast cancer cells that has high propensity for accumulating iron revealed that artemisinin has 75 percent cancer cell killing properties in a 8 hours and almost 100 percent killing properties within 24 hours when these cancer cells are "pre-loaded" with iron after incubation with holotransferrin. On the other hand, the normal cells remained virtually unharmed. Another study showing the effectiveness of artesunate in treatment of cancer was also published in Oncology (April 2001: 18(4): 767-73).
The fact that iron content of cancer cells is high has also been used in another anti-cancer therapy called Zoetron therapy, where iron containing cancer cells are induced into motion using a magnetic device to induce resonance. Resonance generate heat. Cancer cells are more sensitive to heat compared to normal healthy cells. When cancer cells are heated to a certain temperature, they die while normal cells still survive.
Artemisinin is effective against a wide variety of cancers as shown in a series of successful experiments. The most effective is leukemia and colon cancer. Intermediate activities were also shown against melanoma, breast, ovarian, prostate, CNS and renal cancer. Although artemisinin is insoluble in water, it is able to cross the blood brain barrier (the water soluble artesunate is the weakness among the derivates) and may be particularly suitable for curing brain tumors, together with Poly-MVA (an metalo-vitamin)
In laboratory studies, iron needs to be added to enhance the effects of artemisinin. Within the human body, no such addition is necessary, as iron already exist in the body. It can also be taken orally and therefore high doses are not required. Some people believe that as nitrogen (tertiary amine) is absent in ART, cancer cells cannot get rid of it once it enters into the cancer cell. As a result, ART stays in the cell much longer.
In addition to the high affinity for iron in aggressive cancer cell types, most cancer cells also lack the enzyme catalayse and gutathione peroxidase. Catalayse breaks down hydrogen peroxide. A low catalayse content means a higher hydrogen peroxide load, which can release superoxide free radicals when properly stimulated to do so. This is in fact one common mechanism among chemotherapeutic agents as well as vitamin C. These traits make cancer cells more susceptible to oxidative damage as compare to normal cells in the presences of hydrogen peroxide. For this reason, administration of vitamin C in high dose is acceptable, although a gap of 2-3 hours is preferred.
According to Dr Rowen , a naturally oriented medical doctor and editor of the medical newsletter " Second Opinion" , the Hoang family of physicians in Vietnam had used arteminisin in the treatment of cancer for years. They have reported that, over a 10-year period, more than 400 patients were treated with artemisinin in conjunction with a comprehensive anti-cancer program with 50 to 60 percent long-term remission rate. The safety record of artemisinin has well been studied for over 25 years. No significant toxicity in short-term use for malaria at high dose of up to 70 mg/kg per day has been reported.
Artemisinin is not a stand-alone chemotherapeutic agent. A combination of nutritional supplements (such as green tea, CoQ10 and pancreatic enzyme) as well as a good anti-cancer diet is required.
ART may be administered orally, with a 32 percent bioavailability as compared to injections. It is highly bound to membranes. Laboratory measurement of its serum level is therefore not exact.
##Forms of Artesminin
There are three common forms of artemsinin. The water soluble form is called artesunate . It is the most active and the least toxic. It also has the shortest life within the body Artemether is the lipid soluble form. It has the longest life but also the most toxic in high dosage which is seldom needed. The biggest advantage of artemether is that it can cross the blood brain barrier. Artemisinin is the active parent compound of the plant. It's half-life is intermediate. It is also very safe, and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Some clinicians prefer to use a combination of all three forms, while others tend to favor the use of artemisinin alone with great success.
##TOXICITY AND SIDE EFFECTS
High doses of artemisinin can produce neurotoxicity such as gait disturbances, loss of spinal and pain response, respiratory depression, and ultimately cardiopulmonary arrest in large animals.
In human beings, there are very few reports of adverse effects except for one case of first-degree heart block. According to Robert Rowen, MD, there is a dose related decrease in reticulocyte count for 4 days after artesunate or artemether at doses of 4 mg/kg per day for 3 days. However, the count returns to normal by day 14. When artemisinin suppositories are used, doses as high as 40 mg/kg per day have no effects on the reticulocyte count. In a study, it was reported that up to 35 percent of the volunteers had some form of transient drug induced fever.
When ART is tested with monkeys, they showed no toxicity when they received up to 292 mg/kg of artemether over 1 to 3 months. This is equal to a human dose of 20,000 mg for a 70 kg male (Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2(1):31-36 1982). In another study, there was also no sign of toxicity in over 4000 patients. This does not exclude possible cases of long-term cumulative toxicity which is unknown at this time.
##CAUTIONS
a. No artesminin should be taken within 30 days of radiation therapy because of possible free iron leaks to the surrounding tissues after radiation therapy.
b. Preliminary laboratory studies include: CBC, reticulocyte count, liver function test, ferritin, TIBC, ESR, C reactive protein, and appropriate tumor markers. If the iron load is low, supplementing iron for a few days can be considered prior to starting artemisinin.
c. Tumor markers may increase during the initial stages as the tumor starts breaking down.
d. Vitamin E may work against the effectiveness of ART in vitro. However, this has not been shown to be a concern in human clinical cases.
##DOSAGE
The therapeutic dose ranges from 200 mg a day up to 1,000 a day (in divided doses ) depending on cancer types and the source of the herb. In laboratory studies, significant cell toxicity is shown to have been effected at dosage as little as 1-2 mg/kg body weight .
The exact dosage is highly controversial. In addition to the lack of clinical trials and individual variations, the dosage is highly dependent on the purity and potency of the herb itself. The same 100 mg capsules from one manufacturer may have different and varied effect from another manufacturer.
Artemisinin should always be taken with non-iron containing food. Cod liver oil , cottage cheese, or fish oil may be administered at the same time to enhance absorption. Generally, 400 to 800 mg per day can be used for at least 6 to 12 months. After that, it can be tapered off slowly.
Always take artesminin 2-3 hours aside from other antioxidants such as Vitamin C.
Artemisinin is a "cooling herb" in the traditional Chinese medicine perspective, and some may find it too "cooling" with symptoms such as tingling. If this occurs, then the dosage should be reduced.
Despite its seemingly high degree of effectiveness, it is important to note that artemisinin is not a stand-alone compound. Concurrent use of high dose pancreatic enzyme , daily enema, liver detoxification, and periodic laboratory measurement should also be considered as part of an overall aggressive anti-cancer program.
##PRODUCT CONCERNS
Due to the increasing popularity of this product, the consumer should exercise extreme caution and buy only from the most reputable supplier. Only genuine and pure artemisinin should be used, and only buy from sources you are familiar with. There is tremendous variation in the potency of the herb. A 100 mg of artemisinin from one source may be many times more potent than the same 100 mg from another source. Only buy from source you can trust, and not be fooled by inexpensive "alternatives".
Since the herb comes from China and South-east Asia, proper quality assurance on purity and standardization is of tremendous importance. High-grade artemisinin must always be confirmed by independent laboratory analysis on a batch by batch basis to ensure consistence and purity.
Lastly, always check with your health care professional prior to starting this herb.
According to Lai, it is believed to work because when artemisinin or any of its derivatives comes into contact with iron, a chemical reaction ensues, spawning charged atoms that chemists call free radicals. Cells need iron to replicate DNA when they divide, and since cancer is characterized by out-of-control cell division, cancer cells have much higher iron concentrations than do normal cells. What Lai did was to pump up cancer cells with even more iron and then introduce artemisinin to selectively kill them. Lai theorizes that more aggressive cancers such as pancreatic cancer and acute leukemia which are characterized by more rapid cell division and thus higher iron concentrations may respond even better.
Dr. Rowen also reported on an article that appeared about a year ago in a major cancer journal demonstrating significant artemisinin anticancer activity in a wide variety of laboratory cultured cancer cells. Cancers resistant to common chemotherapy drugs showed no resistance to artemisinin. (International Journal of Oncology 18; 767-773, 2001 by Efferth, et al.)
One of the patient's Dr. Rowen worked with was a 47-year-old female with stage-4 breast cancer with mets to the spine.. She used IPT, high-dose nutritional therapy, dietary changes, dendritic cell vaccine, multi-step oxygen therapy, and more. All of her symptoms regressed, but the CT showed no change. When artemisinin derivatives were added, greater results were obtained.
A Dr. Hoang of Hanoi, Vietnam, reports that 50-60 percent of 400 cancer patients have achieved long-term remission utilizing artemisinin together with a comprehensive integrative cancer strategy. Among these patients is a 47 -year-old female who, presented with terminal liver cancer from hepatitis B and abdominal ascites (massive swelling from liver failure) , was just days or weeks from death. Today; two-and-a-half years later, she is alive and well with no signs of any disease! Dr. Singh is currently following many cancer patients. While not reporting remissions or apparent cures, he says all patients are responding and have at least stabilized. He has found no type of cancer unresponsive to artemisinin derivatives in his studies. Dr. Hoang recommends treatment for two years. Cancer could be like the malaria parasite. If just one cell remains, it can find its way back. Thus, as in malaria, although the parasite is cleared in a few days, prolonged treatment best prevents relapse.
This treatment is said to be non-toxic, so you can continue taking it indefinitely with no expected side effects, though it does depend on the form of Artemesia one uses. There are three common Artemesia derivatives - Artesunate is water soluble and may be the most active and the least toxic, but it has the shortest life within the body. Artemether is oil or lipid soluble and has the longest half-life. It also has the most toxicity (but this is related to rather high dosages, which are not necessary. Its big advantage is that it can cross the blood-brain barrier to reach cancers in the nervous system.
Artemisinin is the active parent compound of the plant. It has an intermediate half-life, is very safe, and also can cross the blood-brain barrier. The first two are slightly altered semi-synthetic derivatives of artemisinin, the concentrated and purified active agent. Dr. Singh reports that a combination of the forms may be the very best treatment due to these different properties (based on a lab experiment). Thus, he feels the best preparation will contain artemisinin and artemether to provide a dose of 0.5-2 mg/Kg of each form once daily before bed (away from any residual iron left in the stomach from the evening meal). Dr. Hoang used 500 mg twice daily of oral artemisinin with good success. The product is best taken on an empty stomach with some natural fat to enhance absorption. Any iron present from residual food may neutralize the peroxides. Milk is one of the few foods with minimal iron. Whole milk, cottage cheese, or yogurt have ample fat to enhance absorption.
Additionally, Dr. Rowen stated that he adds cod liver oil (for its omega-S and vitamin D) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to this therapy. He says that, with the exception of patients very near death, taking artemisinin or derivatives have stabilized, improved, or remitted every cancer patient he has followed. Medical literature also seems to suggest that oxygenating the system might make the products effective. Administration of certain chemotherapy agents (IPT), which kill cells through free radical mechanisms, is another option.
Artemesia herb products are not the same as the concentrated forms of the derivatives described above. The highest concentration of artemisinin (the active agent) in the raw herb in best of conditions does not even get beyond one-half percent. Dr. Singh tested some products, finding perhaps only 10-20 percent of anti-cancer activity against cultured cancer cells compared to pure artemisinin. Allergy Research Group distributes a high-grade artemisinin confirmed by independent lab analysis, so this is the one Dr. Rowen recommended
###Vitamin A Produces Astonishing Leukemia Cure Rate, Even Without Chemotherapy
New research conducted at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center shows that vitamin A cures as many as 33% of patients with a rare form of leukemia -- without using chemotherapy. In the study, the vitamin A was being delivered inside "bubbles of fat" to enhance bioavailability. Out of 34 patients participating in the trial, an astonishing 10 remained cancer-free after five years, despite receiving no chemotherapy.
So what's the real story here Researchers are calling this form of vitamin A a "drug," which seems odd, since it's just vitamin A. Perhaps they don't want to admit that a vitamin is better than chemotherapy for curing cancer. And this is definitely a cure -- that term is even being used by the researchers here. To take a group of cancer patients and watch them remain cancer-free for five years is nothing short of astonishing, especially since they were only taking one vitamin. Imagine how well they'd do if they also consumed chlorella (a strong anti-cancer superfood), spirulina (another superfood containing phytochemicals known to destroy breast cancer tumors), graviola (an Amazonian herb known for its powerful ability to destroy cancer cells), licorice root (a more popular anti-cancer herb) and other health-promoting foods and supplements. With the help of this collection of health-promoting substances, the cure rate could have easily risen to 75% or more.
Still, that's just a guess. Organized medicine isn't really interested in studying things that don't generate profits, and herbs and superfoods certainly fall into that category. But it is exciting to see vitamin A having such a dramatic, positive impact on patients with leukemia who might otherwise be subjected to chemotherapy. And perhaps someday these researchers will have the courage to admit that it's a vitamin, not a drug, that's working the healing magic here.
Overview: A biological agent --- a drug that wraps vitamin A inside bubbles of fat --- used without chemotherapy appears to offer as many as one-third of patients with a rare form of leukemia an opportunity for a long-term, disease-free future, say researchers at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.
Researchers say the findings, presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, provide the proof that biologic drugs can work in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and opens the door to development of such agents for more common forms of leukemia.
"This is the first time we have seen patients with an acute leukemia potentially cured without use of chemotherapy," says the study principal investigator, Elihu Estey, MD, a professor in the Department of Leukemia.
Source: http://www.news-medical.net/view_article.aspid=2248
PHILLIP DAY'S COMMENT: Vitamin A and E, in their emulsified form, have been used by clinics all over the world for many years as part of the nutritional protocol for cancer. In my book Cancer: Why We're Still Dying to Know the Truth, we examine this regime and give full details of nutritional and dietary changes that need to be made.
Further Resources
Need good, solid information on cancer and what to do about it Take the two excellent book tours below.
Cancer: Why We're Still Dying to Know the Truth by Phillip Day
Great News on Cancer in the 21st Century by Steven Ransom
Click here if you wish to contact Credence for information on treatment options or resources.
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